Australian extension to Library of Congress Subject Headings

First Nations

For terms referring to First Nations, please use either AUSTLANG for language/people authorities or the Place Thesaurus for Australian Place names. Both of these are maintained by the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS).

Australian geographic subdivisions

Our practice is to include Australia in the countries which are subdivided by first order political division. When subdividing topics by Australian geographic places, subdivide directly through the relevant state or territory, ie.

Family--New South Wales--Sydney

Nationalities in Australia 

Establish headings for individual nationalities living in Australia in the composite form:

[qualifier designating country of origin] Australians (May Subd Geog)

e.g. Vietnamese Australians (May Subd Geog)

Do not hyphenate these headings.

Such headings represent the permanent residents of Australia, including naturalised citizens. For aliens living in Australia, students from abroad, etc., assign a heading of the type e.g. Japanese--Australia.

Reference pattern

Always provide the following references for nationality headings in Australia, e.g.

[Nationality] Australians (May Subd Geog)
450 [Nationality] Australians--Australia
450 New Australians
450 [Alternative nationality adjective] Australians
550 Ethnology--Australia
550 [Nationality]--Australia
551 Australia--Emigration and immigration
551 Australia--Population

e.g.
British Australians (May Subd Geog)
450 British Australians--Australia
450 New Australians
450 Anglo Australians
550 Ethnology--Australia
550 British--Australia
551 Australia--Emigration and immigration
551 Australia--Population

For information on nationalities in foreign countries including the United States see the Library of Congress Subject Cataloguing Manual H1919.5.

Headings and references approved

The following headings and references were approved by the ABN Standards Committee's Subject Headings Review Panel as ABN authority file headings, additional to LCSH. The full reference structure can be ascertained by consulting Libraries Australia on-line. Where ABN has amended a scope note or a subdivision note on an LC heading, the amended note is included in this list.

Acacia harpophylla (May Subd Geog) 

Acanthaster planci use Crown-of-thorns starfish (LC) 

Africa, British East use Africa, East (LC) 

Allan Border's Cricket (Game) 

Amoy dialect 

Amusement arcades (May Subd Geog) 

Anzac Day sermons 

Approved deposit funds (May Subd Geog) 

Aristotelia (May Subd Geog) 

Aristotelia chilensis (May Subd Geog) 

Art unions use Lotteries (LC) 

Ashes (Cricket test series) use Test matches (Cricket) (LC) 

Audio books use Talking books (LC) 

Audiobooks use Talking books (LC) 

Australian football coaches (May Subd Geog) 

Australian football injuries (May Subd Geog) 

Australian letters (May Subd Geog) 

Australian long-tailed parrots (May Subd Geog) 

Australian Mine Sweeping Game (May Subd Geog) 

Australian property (May Subd Geog) 

Australian Second Language Proficiency Ratings (May Subd Geog) 

Australian stock horse (May Subd Geog) 

Australopithecus africanus 

Autobiographical fiction, Australian (May Subd Geog) 

Automotive engineering use Automobiles--Design and construction (LC); Motor vehicles--Design and construction (LC) 

Baccharis (May Subd Geog) 

Baccharis linearis (May Subd Geog) 

Badge industry (May Subd Geog) 

Banksia integrifolia (May Subd Geog) 

Barcelona chairs (May Subd Geog) 

Blind, Writings of the, Australian (May Subd Geog) 

Blue tongued lizards (May Subd Geog) 

Body corporate 

Books, Audio use Talking books (LC) 

Botanical gardens (LC) -- Interpretive programs 

Brick-veneer houses (May Subd Geog) 

Brigalow lands (May Subd Geog) 

British East Africa use Africa, East (LC) 

British New Guinea use Papua 

Broca's aphasia (May Subd Geog) 

Brownies (Girl Guides) (May Subd Geog) 

Buses--Seats 

Bush fires use Forest fires (LC) 

Bushcraft (May Subd Geog) 

Bushfires use Forest fires (LC) 

Camper vans use Motor homes (LC); Truck campers (LC) 

Campervans use Motor homes (LC); Truck campers (LC) 

Canadian literature--Italian Canadian authors 

Caravan parks use Trailer camps (LC) 

Cattle stations use Ranches (LC) 

Cattle trails (LC) use Stock routes (May Subd Geog) 

Central Provinces and Berar (India) use Madhya Pradesh (India) (LC) 

Ch'ao Shan dialect 

Chinbok language 

City councillors use City council members (LC) 

Colin and Cecily Rigg Craft Award 

Colleges of advanced education (May Subd Geog) 

Collusive tendering (May Subd Geog) 

Commercialization (May Subd Geog) 

Community broadcasting (May Subd Geog) 

Community radio (May Subd Geog) 

Company directors use Directors of corporations (LC) 

Contract of employment use Labor contract (LC) 

Convicts (May Subd Geog) use also Prisoners (LC) 

Cooking (Camels) 

Cooking (Emus) 

Cooking (Ground meat) 

Cooking (Kangaroos) 

Cooking (Sultanas) 

Cooking for diabetics use Diabetes--Diet therapy--Recipes (LC) 

Corned meat 

Corned pork 

Corroborees 

Coryphaenidae (May Subd Geog) 

Counseling in elementary education (LC) use Counseling in primary education (May Subd Geog) 

Croatian language - Scope note: 
'This heading should be used for works about the Croatian language. Use the heading Serbo-Croatian language for works which state they are about the Serbo-Croatian language' 

Crutching 

Da'a dialect 

Dasyurus maculatus (May Subd Geog) 

Data/C++ (Computer program language) 

De (The Chinese Word) use Ti (The Chinese Word) (LC) 

Deaths in custody use Prisoners--Death (LC) 

Decentralisation (May Subd Geog) 

Dendroglyphs (May Subd Geog) 

Distinguished Service Order 

Dockers use Stevedores (LC) 

Domestic relations (LC) use Family law (May Subd Geog) 

Doxapram 

Droving (May Subd Geog) 

Dyarcyops fuscipes (May Subd Geog) 

Dysoxylum (May Subd Geog) 

Dysoxylum lenticellare (May Subd Geog) 

Easter Islanders (May Subd Geog) 

Eastern freshwater cod (May Subd Geog) 

Easy to read materials 

Education, Elementary (LC) use Education, Primary (May Subd Geog) 

--Education (Elementary) (LC) use --Education (Primary) (May Subd Geog) 

Electric railroads--Cars (LC) use also Trams (May Subd Geog) 

Elementary school administration (LC) use Primary school administration (May Subd Geog) 

Elementary school buildings (LC) use Primary school buildings (May Subd Geog) 

Elementary school counselors (LC) use Primary school counselors (May Subd Geog) 

Elementary school dropouts (LC) use Primary school dropouts (May Subd Geog) 

Elementary school facilities (LC) use Primary school facilities (May Subd Geog) 

Elementary school graduates (LC) use Primary school graduates (May Subd Geog) 

Elementary school libraries (LC) use Primary school libraries (May Subd Geog) 

Elementary school principals (LC) use Primary school principals (May Subd Geog) 

Elementary school teachers (LC) use Primary school teachers (May Subd Geog) 

Elementary school teaching (LC) use Primary school teaching (May Subd Geog) 

Elementary schools (LC) use Primary schools (May Subd Geog) 

Enneagram (Game) 

Enterprise agreements use Collective labor agreements (LC) 

Enterprise bargaining use Collective bargaining (LC) 

Espionage, Egyptian (May Subd Geog) 

Ethnic broadcasting 

Eucalyptus microtheca 

Ex-convicts (LC) use Ex-offenders (May Subd Geog) 

Fabian socialism 

Family--Effect of war on (May Subd Geog) 

Family courts (May Subd Geog) 

Family law (May Subd Geog) 

Fantastic literature, Australian (May Subd Geog) 

Fe'i banana (May Subd Geog) 

Fire brigades use Fire departments (LC) 

First Fleet, 17871788 

Five-a-side soccer use Indoor soccer (LC) 

Five-man soccer use Indoor soccer (LC) 

Flap-footed geckos use Pygopodidae (LC) 

Flindersia 

Flystrike (May Subd Geog) 

Fruit machines (Gambling) use Slot machines (LC) 

G.S.T. use Value-added tax (LC) 

Geopsittacus (May Subd Geog) 

Georgiana Mutiny, Geelong, Vic., 1852 

German New Guinea use New Guinea (Territory) 

Giant Gippsland earthworm use Megascolides australis (LC) 

Gold mining towns 

Gold nuggets 

Goods and services tax use Valued-added tax (LC) 

Goss porcelain 

Grand Port (Mauritius), Battle of, 1810 

Graziers use Ranchers (LC) 

Greek Australians--Newspapers 

Green parties 

Ground meat 

GST use Value-added tax (LC) 

Guides and guiding (Youth movement) 

Gum, Rose use Eucalyptus grandis (LC) 

Hakea 

Handicapped--Orientation and mobility (May Subd Geog) 

Heineken, Franz (Fictitious character) 

Helichrysum diosmifolium (May Subd Geog) 

Historic towns 

Home help 

Home room guidance (Elementary) (LC) use Home room guidance (Primary) (May Subd Geog) 

Home units 

Homesteads 

Hope chests (May Subd Geog) 

Horse railroads (LC) use Horse tramways (May Subd Geog) 

Horse railroads--Cars (LC) use Horse trams (May Subd Geog) 

Horse trams (May Subd Geog) 

Horse tramways (May Subd Geog) 

Hyperlipidaemia use Hyperlipidemia (LC) 

Ihalmiut (Eskimo people) 

Industrial tribunals use Labor courts (LC) 

Intercultural education use Multicultural education (LC) 

Intermediate Certificate examination (N.S.W.) 

Intermittent custody (May Subd Geog) 

International English Language Testing System (May Subd Geog) 

Invalid pensions 

Ipomoea purpurea (May Subd Geog) 

JOIAS (Indexing system) 

Journalism, Elementary school (LC) use Journalism, Primary school (May Subd Geog) 

Kadu language (Burma) 

Kam-Tai language 

Kangaroo paw (Plants) 

Kurrajong 

Laizo language 

Large print books 

Large type books (LC) use Large print books 

Larrikins use Hoodlums (LC) 

Legless lizards use Pygopodidae (LC) 

Lepiotaceae (May Subd Geog) 

Leptospermum laevigatum (May Subd Geog) 

Linton Medal 

Literary theory use Literature--History and criticism--Theory, etc. (LC) 

Life sheep export industry 

Local government boundaries 

Log-chopping (Sports) (LC) use Woodchopping (Sports) 

Long service leave (May Subd Geog) 

Lygon (Computer program language) 

Macropus robustus (May Subd Geog) 

Macrotis (May Subd Geog) 

Macrotis lagotis (May Subd Geog) 

Macrozamia 

Magistrates (May Subd Geog) 

Mallee lands (May Subd Geog) 

Marsupials use Marsupialia (LC) 

Medal industry (May Subd Geog) 

Medibank 

Medicare (Australia) (May Subd Geog) 

Medium density housing (May Subd Geog) 

Mek languages (LC) use also Eipo language 

Melbourne Western Suburban Region (Vic.) 

Mentally handicapped--Orientation and mobility (May Subd Geog) 

Metal foil industry (May Subd Geog) 

Metatheria use Marsupialia (LC) 

Methylphenidate 

Micro Models (Toys) (May Subd Geog) 

Microfusion (Computer system) (May Subd Geog) 

Mineral sand mines and mining (May Subd Geog) 

Mini-soccer use Indoor soccer (LC) 

Mining towns (May Subd Geog) 

Molluscs... use Mollusks... (LC) 

Moloch (May Subd Geog) 

Moloch horridus 

Moral education (Elementary) (LC) use Moral education (Primary) (May Subd Geog) 

Morelia spilotes 

Mulga lands (May Subd Geog) 

Multifunction polis (May Subd Geog) 

Murray cod 

Mulesing (May Subd Geog) 

Mycotic dermatitis (May Subd Geog) 

National estate (May Subd Geog) 

Natural 2 (Computer program language) 

Neoregelia (May Subd Geog) 

New Guinea (Territory) - Scope note: 
'Here are entered works that discuss that part of Papua New Guinea that corresponds to the area formerly known as German New Guinea until 1914, and then known as the Territory of New Guinea. Topics are geographically subdivided by the current jurisdiction name, Papua New Guinea' 

Night parrot (May Subd Geog) 

Niobium -- Hydrogen content 

Notechis ater (May Subd Geog) 

Notechis scutatus (May Subd Geog) 

Nuclear scientists (May Subd Geog) 

Oil lamps 

One day cricket (May Subd Geog) 

Order of Australia 

Ornithorhynchus (May Subd Geog) 

Orthoplex health products (May Subd Geog) 

Outlaws in popular culture (May Subd Geog) 

Outsourcing use Contracting out (LC) 

Owner building--HANBDooks, manuals, etc. use House construction--Amateurs' manuals (LC) 

Owner-building--HANBDooks, manuals, etc. use House construction--Amateurs' manuals (LC) 

Palladium--Hydrogen content 

Papua - Scope note: 
'Here are entered works that discuss that part of Papua New Guinea that corresponds to the area formerly known as British New Guinea until 1906, and then known as Papua. Topics are geographically subdivided by the current jurisdiction name, Papua New Guinea' 

Papua New Guinea – Scope note: 
'Here are entered works that discuss the combined areas of Papua and New Guinea, both before and after the merger of the two jurisdictions in 1949. The National Identity Bill changed the name to Papua New Guinea in 1971. For works discussing only that part of Papua New Guinea that corresponds to the former Papua, use the heading Papua. For works discussing only that part of Papua New Guinea that corresponds to the former New Guinea, use the heading New Guinea (Territory). Topics are geographically subdivided by the current jurisdiction name, Papua New Guinea' 

Papua New Guinea (Territories) use Papua New Guinea 

Paranthropus crassidens 

Paranthropus robustus 

Pastoral industry use Agricultural industries (LC); Animal industry (LC); Produce trade (LC) 

Pastoral properties use Ranches (LC) 

Periodic detention (May Subd Geog) 

Perna canaliculus 

Petrol sniffing (May Subd Geog) 

Physicians writings, Australian (May Subd Geog) 

Pirlangimpi (N.T) 

Plant variety rights use Plant-breeding--Law and legislation (LC); Plants, Cultivated--Patents (LC); Plant varieties--Law and legislation (LC) 

Plants--Physiology use Plant physiology (LC) 

Platycercidae use Broad-tailed parrots (LC) 

Poker machines use Slot machines (LC) 

Pokies use Slot machines (LC) 

Polyphony (Literary theory) 

Pomatostomidae (May Subd Geog) 

Pomatostomus (May Subd Geog) 

Pomatostomus temporalis (May Subd Geog) 

Port Jackson (N.S.W.) (LC) - Scope note: 
'Here are entered works on Port Jackson which comprises all of the waters of Sydney Harbour, Middle Harbour and North Harbour' 

Premiers (May Subd Geog) use also Prime ministers (LC) 

Prices and incomes policy use Wageprice policy (LC) 

Primary (replaces 'Elementary' in education subject headings, both main heading and subdivisions - ABN/SC/1988/RES/25) 

Primary industries (May Subd Geog) 

Prime ministers (LC) use also Premiers (May Subd Geog) 

Prisoners (LC) use also Convicts (May Subd Geog) 

Property trusts use Real estate investment trusts (LC) 

Psophocarpus tetragonolobus 

Public servants use Public officers (LC) 

Public service use Civil service (LC) 

Queensland Core Skills Test (May Subd Geog) 

Radio in elementary education (LC) use Radio in primary education (May Subd Geog) 

Railway Strike, Queensland, 1948 

Rais (Nepalese people) (May Subd Geog) 

Ranchers (LC) use Stockmen (May Subd Geog) 

Rasch model 

Rattus fuscipes (May Subd Geog) 

Readers (Elementary) (LC) use Readers (Primary) 

Reading (Elementary) (LC) use Reading (Primary) (May Subd Geog) 

Reception (Theology) (May Subd Geog) 

Refuse collection -- Contracting out (May Subd Geog) 

Repetition strain injury use Overuse injuries (LC) 

Retirement villages use Retirement communities (LC) 

Riang language 

Road maps (LC) - subdivision note: 
'See also subdivision Road maps under names of countries, cities, etc.' 

Road safety use Traffic safety (LC) 

Road trains (May Subd Geog) 

Roofing tile industry 

Rope drives (May Subd Geog) 

Rose gum use Eucalyptus grandis (LC) 

Roundabouts (Traffic intersections) (May Subd Geog) 

RSI use Overuse injuries (LC) - Scope note: 
'Here are entered works on professional and amateur rugby played with 13 players. Works on amateur rugby played with 15 players are entered under Rugby Union football' 

Rugby League football fans (May Subd Geog) 

Rugby League football injuries (May Subd Geog) 

Rugby League football players (May Subd Geog) 

Santo Niño Jesus de Cebu (Cebu City, Philippines) 

Scalextric model automobiles 

Scaly-footed lizards use Pygopodidae (LC) 

School councils use School boards (LC) 

School dental service (May Subd Geog) 

School holiday activity programmes and centres (May Subd Geog) 

School leavers (May Subd Geog) 

Schools of arts (May Subd Geog) 

Schools of the air (May Subd Geog) 

School supervision, Elementary (LC) use School supervision, Primary 

Scottish Collieries Strike, Collie Burn, W.A., 1911 

Second Fleet, 1789-1790 

Self build housing--HANBDooks, manuals, etc. use House contruction--Amateurs' manuals (LC) 

Self-build housing--HANBDooks, manuals, etc. use House construction--Amateurs' manuals (LC) 

Self-reliant living (May Subd Geog) 

Serbian language - Scope note: 
'This heading should be used for works about the Serbian language. Use the heading Serbo-Croatian language for works which state they are about the Serbo-Croatian language' 

Serbo-Croatian language -  scope note: 
'This heading should be used for works which state they are about the Serbo-Croatian language. Use Croatian language or Serbian language, as appropriate, for works which state they are about one of these languages' 

Sheep shearing industry (May Subd Geog) 

Shorthand--Teeline 

Sillago (May Subd Geog) 

Skaracarida, Fossil 

Snake lizards use Pygopodidae (LC) 

Social service administration use Social work administration (LC) 

Soldier settlements (May Subd Geog) 

Songs, Anindilyakwa (May Subd Geog) 

Songs, Burarra (May Subd Geog) 

South East Queensland Electricity Board Strike, 1985 

Statehood (Australian politics) 

Statutory authorities use Corporations, Government (LC) 

Stock and station agents (May Subd Geog) 

Stock horses (May Subd Geog) 

Stock routes (May Subd Geog) 

Stockmen (May Subd Geog) 

Stolen generations (Australia) (awaiting LC approval) 

Strata titles (May Subd Geog) 

Street-railroads (LC) use Tramways (May Subd Geog) 

Strikes and lockouts--Tramways (May Subd Geog) 

Study and teaching (Elementary) (LC) use --Study and teaching (Primary) (May Subd Geog) 

Study leave (May Subd Geog) 

Sugar gum (May Subd Geog) 

Sultanas (May Subd Geog) 

Superannuation use Retirement (LC); Old age pensions (LC); Pensions (LC) 

Superb parrot (May Subd Geog) 

Suzuki method 

Swagmen (May Subd Geog) 

Swainsona formosa (May Subd Geog) 

Synergetic systems use Self-organizing systems (LC) 

Tantanoola tiger (May Subd Geog) 

Tariff on aluminium (May Subd Geog) 

Tariff on antimony (May Subd Geog) 

Tariff on axes (May Subd Geog) 

Tariff on axles (May Subd Geog) 

Tariff on boilers (May Subd Geog) 

Tariff on building materials (May Subd Geog) 

Tariff on calcium carbide (May Subd Geog) 

Tariff on canned tomatoes (May Subd Geog) 

Tariff on ceramics (May Subd Geog) 

Tariff on chains (May Subd Geog) 

Tariff on cutlery (May Subd Geog) 

Tariff on files and rasps (May Subd Geog) 

Tariff on firearms (May Subd Geog) 

Tariff on foundation garments (May Subd Geog) 

Tariff on gloves (May Subd Geog) 

Tariff on incandescent gas-lighting (May Subd Geog) 

Tariff on lead (May Subd Geog) 

Tariff on metal foils (May Subd Geog) 

Tariff on metal powders (May Subd Geog) 

Tariff on motorcycles (May Subd Geog) 

Tariff on organic compounds (May Subd Geog) 

Tariff on pipe fittings (May Subd Geog) 

Tariff on plasticizers (May Subd Geog) 

Tariff on plywood (May Subd Geog) 

Tariff on protective clothing (May Subd Geog) 

Tariff on screens (May Subd Geog) 

Tariff on tanks (May Subd Geog) 

Tariff on timber (May Subd Geog) 

Tariff on tinsel (May Subd Geog) 

Tariff on tools (May Subd Geog) 

Tariff on wire products (May Subd Geog) 

Tariff on yarn (May Subd Geog) 

Tax reform (May Subd Geog) 

Television in elementary education (LC) use Television in primary education (May Subd Geog) 

Theologia crucis 

Tiger snakes (May Subd Geog) 

Timber trade use Lumber trade (LC) 

Tinned (Topic) use Canned (Topic) (LC) 

[Topic] (Primary) etc., for education subject headings 

[Topic]--Study and teaching (Primary) 

Tourist accommodation (May Subd Geog) 

Town houses (May Subd Geog) 

Traffic circles (LC) use Roundabouts (Traffic intersections) (May Subd Geog) 

Trams (May Subd Geog) 

Tramways (May Subd Geog) 

Transportation of convicts 

Travelling stock (May Subd Geog) 

Two-up (Game) (May Subd Geog) 

Universities and colleges--Amalgamations (May Subd Geog) 

Universities and colleges--Mergers (LC) use Universities and colleges--Amalgamations (May Subd Geog) 

Value-added tax (LC) - Scope note: 
'Here are entered works on a tax levied on the value added to products, goods and services at each stage of the production and distribution cycle ...' 

VDIs use Computer terminals (LC) 

VDM (Computer program language) 

VDTs use Computer terminals (LC) 

VDUs use Computer terminals (LC) 

Verandas (May Subd Geog) 

Victorian Certificate of Education examination 

Video arcades (May Subd Geog) 

Video display input use Computer terminals (LC) 

Video display terminals use Computer terminals (LC) 

Video display units use Computer terminals (LC) 

Vietnamese language--Writing--Nôm 

Villa homes (May Subd Geog) 

Visakha Boja use Wesak (LC) 

Visual display input use Computer terminals (LC) 

Visual display terminals use Computer terminals (LC) 

Visual display units use Computer terminals (LC) 

Visually handicapped children--Orientation and mobility (May Subd Geog) 

Visually handicapped--Orientation and mobility (May Subd Geog) 

Wage determination (May Subd Geog) 

Wages--Tramways (May Subd Geog) 

Wave skiing (May Subd Geog) 

Welcome Stranger (Gold nugget) (May Subd Geog) 

Western Australian Citizen of the Year 

Wetsuits (May Subd Geog) 

Whistlers (Birds) (May Subd Geog) 

Women convicts (May Subd Geog) 

Women in local government (May Subd Geog) 

Woodchopping (Sports) 

Work aspect preference scale 

Workplace agreements use Collective labor agreements (LC) 

Workplace bargaining use Collective bargaining (LC) 

World Communications Year, 1983 

World Cup (Cricket) (May Subd Geog) 

World Cup (Rugby Union football) (May Subd Geog) 

Xanthorrhoea (May Subd Geog) 

Xanthorrhoea australis (May Subd Geog) 

Xanthorrhoeacae (May Subd Geog) 

XLNET (Local area network system) 

XSEL 

Yabbies 

Yabby culture 

Young Australian of the Year 

Youth groups use Youth--Societies and clubs (LC) 

Zimbabwe--History--Shona Insurrection, 1896-1897 

Zotung language