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Dairy Expert at Biyth.
t s ' ?*?..-?
4ltw^lk«WNt«M)0MtlQl mtetibga u
SMf *d by the Blyth Bnech of the Agti*
ealtor*! Bucra «m held in tha district
ktflon Weiieirtiy #vmm£ laet week. It
teak tha form of a iectnrr, social and dance,
Mi* ntf hag* oudmr congregated to
aw We remark* or the dtirj expert (Mr.
P. S. SnUf). la tbt nutoideble absence
-? . «T Ike president (Mr A L McBwio), Mr W
Pfcelt prasfdad, *Bd in introducing Mr
Scter, lefene* to tbt good work Mr Me*
; £wia had done for da branch. Mr SuIbt,
«he «u well leceifed, in epeaking on
neltariperteinroglo tbe dairying branch
?f igricaltnre, elated in the oowee of his
murk*, that toe saia faeu from tbe far
nan' point of view, was the breeding and
feedieg of eiock. Be feared that in
?nay catee clock ewaen we» negligent to
the seeds of wives and daughter*, at little
promos wat made for giving the cows
eoffideat food to «nabte them to prodnos
Ike milk aed bitter they shonld do. : In
tines ef ehertage, what feed there wa», is
given to boras*, udi consequent trouble
in getting raitebJe ration* for cattle. Be
nferred to the enormous loss of life among
. the cattl* floeba in the etate of late, and the
.'? difficulty that would arise in replacing.
The Government had assisted greatly in r«
aw»»g^atpcV to; enitoble pastures, He
f(We;»f»aal mention »- qualify, sod added
tfiat the oS^ritfwBriTBatiefiea «e long «
it wm a cow. The average yield per cow
in South Australia was about 200 gallons
peraBBum, which was a very low average,
Wbiiit fa Itenmark, where there are a hun
icetl times at many cow?, i( wn orer €00
'?..-. fiHosa-par cow $260 gallons per annum
ion sot fri»e eofficient returns to pay for
the beep, care and labor connected with
the Work. Considerably more conld be
made\if owners kept lees, and judiciously
fe44tntB( and the relume would be cow
pantfrafy doubled. He displayed a sheet
of fignm, from which in a test of 32 cove,
the five beat gave an ?vers#e-retarn of £12
8t 44 per bead, and the fire worst £5 lie.
The keep «f a cow cannot possibly be lees
thai £0 a bead per annom, and in the caee
?f the lowest fife he considered that they
eheold be got rid , of* Sacfa cowe that
?hewed a tow are a drudgery, and no en
ceo«^M|l to- keep, and unprofitable
?ararteVtj Mr ada^ee was to get rid of them.
Obo good cow well kept ie worth a large
?DJaber of inferior milk producers, and to
eohttaatiate Ibis statement, he quoted a
lot «f iateresting figarea bearing on the
eobjeet. To Improve a hardY the first es
eoBuel is a good eire. Farmers were well
aware that if they wars going to breed
gaoiberees, they matt eacore the serricee
i of a feel aire, and the same conditions ap
plied to the cow. Breed her right, reed
her right, and not until then can he expect
te g-l satisfactory ratnrne. If t&% eire is
kept oa the farm, sea to it that ha ie kept
proparly. la selecting a aire make careful
inquiries as to parity of blood, coupled
with performances. He placed perform*
aaoeeaQoei to parity of blood, and to ob
taia eatiafeotory results, a eire shonld have
these two eeesatial8.Hr Safer then die
played an interesting chart of records rs
latiag to the breeding of eireB and dame.
Many farmers did not care so long as they
eetrfi go'em breeding in a faapbasard man
aar, and many eentinoa to go on breeding
aevieeflripto, conseqoently, he did not
think that note than oae herd in fonr were
* proving profitable. In breeding many were
inclined to see the services of *? thirty
bebbetv,' aai begrudged giving more than
£6. If thsy bad to economise, let it be
aaywbere bat at the bead of the flock.
He nferred to the recent slaughter of bulls
aid wished they could get rid of more by
weeding eat the omImb. Bure&UB end
eJmSar bodies sow bill the opportunity of
?wearing ejntable aires for varying periods,
from the Government; oa certain condi
aiaae, aad if availed of, would be the meanB
af improving tbe herds in the district. In
the aaattet of feeding— if provision cannot
he aude far 10 cows, reduce to the number
that can be kept properly, and the results
weald be much more satisfactory, and it
wiiald be wise for a farmer to keep aside a
fair amotmt cf his eoppties of greenfeed
fat the eve of the cows. At the present
am {here a as aboadance of eoccolent
growth, aad the nine of aasilage was graat.
Every nan who keeps cow* would ba wall
advised to put down a lucern plot for
esmmef feed for dairy coirs. In reference
la the cream eopply and batter making, he
stated that th* beat results were obtained
Ctea cream irhea sent away in good con
dittos, aad it was only when there was a
ddbUiag af milk that it did sot pay to
aiaiitway. jb. regard to batter making,
Iwaeald leave that safely with the ladies,
baliaaeme tastanoee attention should be
paid to As weight, aa the aupposed pound
'lid awl always go the foil 16 oancee, and
at times there was rather too much mois*
tare left in. b making, the cream should
. fee ehntaed whea it has a nice sharp acidity
|. .«?€ de aat keep the cream longer than two
'?, -.- ;|fc Jeye. Importanca ahoold alssi ba attached
Y JecatealatiBf wh ?achcowi* yisliiog.
Give each cow jk fair uiai, and above all,
let them be well fe-t, ea in many inttance*
no opportunity is given to^ow their pro
fitebleaace as batter makers. In reply to
questions (several of which wars pot by
ladies) Air Suter stated thtt milk fever was
doe to gnat procure of blood .to the odder.
To prevent, try and atop secretion of milk
for 3 or 4 days. Do act ftiva too much
succulent food, which makes a t flow of
blood to tbe udder. Reduce qn*sti-y of
food* He recommended bran mnehea be*
fore parturition. Milk as di? «s possible,
pump in air and manage udder for 3 or 4
days. Cause of odder beiog bard and
swollen— With first cstvi* tbe udder is
generally hard, owing to the great pressure
of blood. There ie alto a little tempera*
tare. Rub in olive oit to allow of an ex
tenBtou aod apply the air treatment. A
good 'white oil for the purpose could be
made from one pint of olive oil, J ounce
liquid ammonia, 1 ounce turps and * little
camphor. The apparatus tor pumping air
can be procured for 13s 6d. In case a cow
ia bard to miik, he g**» the causes, and
said that some, to combat tha trouble, use
a ah up piece of wood, force in, and leave
in teat to extend the valve. This method
brings about trouble, inflammation some
times eets in, the cow becomes a kicker,
and spoilt as a milk producer. Ha
highly recommended the Duplex lane* and
probe, and explained the use of it.
Tins is the only successful and
best method used. The use of quills
and straws tnra out bad resnlts. In regard
to what temperatora should be when sepa
rating, the nearer it can be kept to the time
of separation from the cow, the better.
Tbie was about 96 degrees. Milk should be
ppptirated not under 88 and up to 96 degrees
Fahrenheit. To the question of milk pre
rerv«tives, he replied io condemnatory man
ner, to tbe use of any preservative whatever,
end added that tbe bast means o£ keeping
milk, wae cleanlinaos and coolness. In re
gard to the reariog of calve*, he requested
them to mature the future milk producer
properly. When feeding, proper milk,
deeo, and with the temperature right,
should be given. Gold and frothy milk
was not at all advisable ; ba generous, and
give the young calves what God provided
for them. After one month, skim milk
could be substituted! but add something in
Heoof the fat ttathad gone in the separating
process. As a substitute, linseed boiled into
a jelly was good, as it contains 38 to 35 per
cent of eaBily digestible fat. Do not re»r
bull calves at the expense of tbe heifers.
For potting butter, tbe beet method, provid
ing manufactured properly, is to nee 31 lbs
aalt aad gib preservative to 100 lbs butter
or in a like proportion. Work it properly,
allow it to stand for a time, work again,
pot in earthen ware jar, cover with*
brine end sbnt do wo, and if the
temperature is not too high, it
will keep 'perfectly sound for 6 or 6
months. In reference to the amount of
daily rations for the average dairy cow, a
lot depends on the quantity of milk desired,;
and on the class of cow. There are, two'
distinct functions in this respect, fbe caae
of tbe tone dairy cow, and the milk makers,
generally. Take for instance, a cow in
natural pastnre, tha feed from this
source would be much more nutritious in
a month's thns^ as at the present time it is
too moist and full of water, and one portion
of this feed in a month's time would be as
valuable as one and a half at the present
time. One pound, of lucerne is as nutrit
ious as two pounds of other green feed, aB
it contains ingredients. Straw, as a feed,
is of little use as it does not contain pro
teine, but mixed with bran it becomes more
valuable, as it then supplies tbe bulk. A
good daily ration per day ia 20 lbs oaten or
wheaten chaff, plus 2 lbs linseed, 8 lbs
bran, divided over two meals is sufficient
food for a cow to make 3 to 3$ gallons
milk. If she has fed on natural pasture,
she will have consumed 100 lbs of this,
sufficient to enable her to produce 4 to 4|
gallons of milk per day. Another daily
ration is 8 lbs wheaten or oaten straw, 15
lbs lucerne chaff or hay, 1 1b linseed, and 4
to 6 lbs bran. On this ration she shonld
return 4 gallons milk per day. Or again,
6 lbs pea straw, 6 lbs oaten, 15 lbs bran,
1 lb linseed should be sufficient for the cow
to give 8 gallons. The rations should be
be made as palatable as possible, and if
made a little damp or eucculent, makes the
food mete digestible. A change of rations
at various times is advisable, and ragging
cows in the proper manner increases the
milk supplyl-''TriT1'feply to the question of
generally epe3&i£r-r which would be the
best breed for general farmers' lots, Mr
Suler stated it was best to have pure bred,
sires, and grade up from pnre bred stock.
He recommended for batter and quantity
the cross between the Guernsey or Jersey
with good framed Shorthorns. He con
cluded by stating that cleanliness was of
paramount importance in all matters con
nected with the dairying industry. A
comprehensive vote of thsnks, proposed by
Mr. T. Duustone and seconded by Mr. F. J.
Wiltshire, wee carried by acclamttiaD.
$