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El^IREIpBLEIVisf
'THE .ROUND TABLE.'
With characteristic lucidity? and thbrr
ou'ghness, I'The Round; TaW'{ quarterly}
analyses the outstanding' problems ? tha*.
concern the British Commonwealth ' of
Nations. .Pride 'ol place is given to „, a
carefully-reasoned 'Plea for an Independ
ent Foreign Policy,', an issue rising out
of the trouble resulting' from the Anglo
French naval- agreement, - and ;£he. unfor
tunate interpretation of ; it by . the United
States, Continental opinion arid .the French
Press, which understood 'it as a Franco
British ..military, alliance? .The; writer,
?in' a historical .[survey,- points out'
thai the * object of '. Britain's four, con-;
iiirierital wars was .to secure her independ
ence' from tlie peril ?resulting 'from any.
European ., nation gaining a military ? pre-.
dominance. of the Continent; -Such, peace ?
as Europe has ever.. known has beenvbuj;
a. sta^e of. preparatibri. for the; next ; war.
Military, dominations' . have' .; provoked
nations -to. rise in b.ehalf of . their iree
dom, balances; of* power'; always -end in,
trials' of stfeneth'o . '. ... \J. r .' ?: '
; The'interise* ialibnal vJiffe-fvpf ' Europe
'means' '?perpetu'alf'Cha-nge^ih'fc'tti'e.'j'; relative,
strength and special; needs' of it's various
nations, ' -and hithertb war ;-has.;been ' . the,
only method of ' making v these; phanges;.
The Treaty of Versailles, whibh erided.the
Great, War established' rational safeguards
for peaceful changes whieh';WererrTdestrpyed;
?by the' withdrawal of the ? Unitfed'.'State.S.;
Tli5 second1 attenipt'at-a system? ,o£ 'erifofe-
irig peace. was the Treaty of »; ^Mutual Guar
?aitees,.VotHeTOTse''kn!bwri ; as; ' this. Pro tocol
in r 1924. ;-\ The .-essence -oi ''thiswas a; British -
?guarantee of the-p^ceiof.-the'world^
it ; was .-.rejected' -^by.r.Gre^tVBritain^iti-'.'^it^
;threw?upbn her ;a::dispbrportioriate;D^urdenC
This- was followed/ by; a relapse vintbSthe/
pld-system of ;peace ^y. military'lp^dQmin-;
ance ', ? and ; Francer'- retairied'ia^'lafge^carmy;'
^rid ;made; airiumber'bf ! military-v-alliajaces.
The; ^^ struggle ;ibetweerixth.e;vold7coriceptipn':
'of v-peace; bjH; f bree.Vand^aiipeacie ;?' pfj jreisbn ;
JthroiigE^eaguei-is^tillrgpingrpri^'a
'Anglb-Ff encli; ?treaty^ 'mqv eSbyfctlie^secfet
^mannef J in; iwliich:'it;;.was^ ^nia'de iather.thati'
byv the 'iriatter^f ;it, Touted suspicion ^that'
Britain, was gomgJhack Vtbrthe-bld jriiof al-
ity, ;^id^establishirig^the;'st;abiH^:b^'tKe
present ' ' state' ;-?o'fc-'iaffarat-b'.y;;-.;*;vnayaH'.'an'di
^nilitaf y^ alliance ^thYl^^
rid i;faith.-,in..ariything:but:fbrde.: ^ThisvSyas'
the iriterpf etatiori placed/ rbri V-the.iV affair
uy; :;. uie .:'±' renca:-x-ress, -^and- ?? to.:-a.r large - ex-1,
tent ;.by . world rbpiriibri:;\;^hy- else'i-it'Syas.
saidi*^shpulcl; *;. Great ^Britain; icprisentv^to^
allo i wi. hef.;: home^water s '? tbi.be^inf ested '.I by
an).;iiriliriiitea-; nuirib'6r ^p£^;Frericliii;S-sub-:
mai-uie^? ; Wh^;;el?e^cpriserit?thati:lj;f aricer
fexbmpting/hei^reserves^Vbf^ ;trAined:?^cbii-:
'Bcipt8«fro.m^l)emgv.-56unied,Cin|iiiQy^
riient;;scheme,lshpuldVrem«^n^
arms ;.while;;::Germariy.iS^
amy^pf^l(TO;opO^TOejQywasSb)Q^the^^
becoming.:a natibn'-bf/ ciy4Hans?^?W.hy-:else'
the feecrecy; of^he'^eeriient?$The-iwTitef;-
agrees :that.:Britislf? statesmanship iisSright'
iin'W;^aluing; j f speyific' ^j.pgfemerits;^;be-
tween-;'^ ^particular -^ftriatiibns^^rathe^
thano ?vReneralTr^;paeter^^liut'ft^laims;
that, ; to ;have-;n;£ p-^
must be open' ^^agreements;betweeii;:natibris:
:^h??h, :,are;.af; raiH ;; of ion ei another^ father'
than nnternational lalliances .which *ma'y,ib'ei
interpfetedybyi-yp^
Against ?them^iyes.^'GreatyBfita^
seek;;friendship-:with ; ^France^b^t^ribt^bK
terms :;that- appear ^^itb.threaten^bthefs^arid;.'
?yP$m£'; *^e =appearari.cev.bf , yielding -.'toii
^s1' French: yiew' .bf ?; ??-peace^ijifpjigli^mili^
;taryC-predoiriinanc'e;.; -use '-her: power viridt'
pendently;: ;to: /seek v:-peace.v\sthf bugK^thV
;League?iof-;;Nations. lr.-- ^TfeiV:£:-^:-..^rHrV-'
H \^}, -#/ ^Peparatipn;:Yl|)anger^|S:l-:?:S :'(?M
rWar.JJebts stresses - the difference'betweeii'
thej: problems ?H;Jf aisingSgf eati?suriis t'iiri:
w^ff.aDy s 4°Kt reparatibns-rrrwhich ^ '[9^%^
? w-''^Fa-ni - ' ? ansferrlpJB ^ifetherh-1'. 'aFfb'a^i
Si??^1?? i^ichlcpris^riira^itsJoVni^xiesyEr
?ffl^Alt. differenteipbsitipri^ frpm^ Spne'T which'1
^^r^t^;aproad^aridSa-£firialf solution
^pt.jtheA.probIem.;;mvblving.-:theS:placin'gS¥pf
jmniensef amounts; pf ^German ?bondiabroad
may ? ^destrpyAGCTrnai ^edit^^and'Srenderi
them^yaluelessl^ Too?^reatv'atinuities *willj
-5 s^'' e eat' * eiil'own ends:5?i'AnjextremeW
debilitatedv goose ' 'CMriptMay %61de&?egg8^
?*,°fiSp.tened^ Ariiericariftbpinibrii'bB^v^var
^^^^^P^^asted^^th^pppulafeppmigh^
hevEnrppean;debt.;tb^^erica^s'ftth&
rjpmmail^'factpr iri^fmng^he.ryblume^anbV
Pa5«- ?of ;- German rreparatibh-':^hefe''is !a
^rMg::case;fpr,;fe^sio-'of^he,«Ariierican
?§? V PA^n^any^grburids^The ^i'alteririg'vof
ie:.purchasingr-,power^oft.mbney^:fbr:&iii-
stanCe,.nieans.-that.-Gfeat-Britain isr-payiri'
jback J8 per ^cent. ..more than sHe^bbr^owei^
ngs; ^deals; ; f ith^the ?preseiiffypbsitf6n . M
^.^^iJnSustry.VThe^iterraaihtairis
sw^pauses of fits prat-\valfjd^lirie;afe:per^
vi^^1' .and-thati ?ecoristructipn?;^is':*ri6-n
-likely i to ^haye^yefy,vm^h^eff ect^JAiftiri^
i^TO^ Q^f of .anpffiei^kinaWo^t^e?
.attempted; ^h^yniteT.'^rp'misei^oahBiira^
;ive suggestions;; in Oa f iifiif e'Saf ticle^Vfi'He'
believes that ;the 'old shard and^fasV 'antithe-^
?sis -._ ^pet^eenV-fSpciallsmSanasin^yidualism-
;must go. ? . Anbther; articIe/Jf orecasting/'the'
vprpspecte'-frthe;i;cbriluig;^erie¥ai^^
-ropliesies -j heavy k Conservative ?'?losses'- due;
:p.; 1^ev;unpbpiilarity:^pfi;the;; GbVernmerit's'
foreign.: policy with; its' allies;': theSmbdefate''
yjiberals^and;- the* ^jEailure? of :?(the?,Gbverri^
'inent.-to^ntodifjr ^itbe? unemplpyment'; ' evil^
;He1.thinfe/that';th^gh^If:^aidwin'svpef-::
sonality .is;,an.7 asset; hisrGbyefrimentrhad'
imade^jts; doctrine^ -,rib^
4mdustry^-ari vexcusei' f 6r-'rcbmplacen 'i Siriac-'
;ivitv. *y:$r:..'Z\^-l--:-±i\-;A?r^:c~wiU~J~^
% f'Thb. -., ISext ipfesiden^kbf ^^g^Uniied
States'; is the' titlekbf-'an7article^discu^sirig^
Mr. | Herbert'' Hoover,; ;the;VPresiderit-elect.:
The writer believes ..that: no Ariiericari -PceV ?
sident has ev^er.igbne-tb;theiy^hite .-.-Hpiisfe?
withy av higher personal ^eputatioitf?fbi* =iad^
miriistrativ'e'abiHtyj'br~niof^'s^
ated /to get hisNOwri.'.way vindepcndentj'.bf
pafty machinery/. :'.0f-, -Mr.v^;Hobyef's'.eribr;-':
rnpus energy ^arid^ability^'arid^his^'grasp':
of the ecbnomic:situatibn,there;is.rip''doubt;'
It.remainsto be ^ seen ^J\ether7h:e%will^de-j
yelop,- the tact nece'^ary^Vtp\:vmaniage:.Boii-:'
gress^'whethec he will apppiriti';aiid;!lipW;
Ihe- can,- work 'with ,a' Cabjne't%'bf /firs&rate;
men. He . enlists*' the fanaticaljiJpyall^;; 'of '
subordinates,. can he. get the bieltffrbiri'cpl-.
leagues ?! The f ultimate': fluestipn^bf . ? :his
greatness as a. P, resident rwill; depend- upon,
whether' .heT^roduces qualities tof/'ritagnan-;
imity. and riioral courage 'irii: the ?pfe;serit;
.crisis : of v the world's, ajEFajrs: ? Th'e'/;wfiter
concludes: 'There 'is just' d.r.9hanc'eiJ'that
some day he will. be regarded'as; the great-'
:est President in the history;- of .thev.United,
:States. '; If' this remaining hbnou!r ; 'ever
comes to hirii, it' will-;'cb.nie .;riot put'-bf-.the
intellectual power which '? heVppssesses, but
out of that - .rarest, of 1 huriiari qualities^,
.niagriariimityv And tlifere is,; w(e repeat,' just
a cliancbl' ' ? ,-U ?;? ?.'. '-... '.''. .VJ..- ;
- - ?: ? ltaly^928,; ^ - -; :... ; '
' '-. * « ' - '??.' V '?' ' ??.'??'? .)?
'Jtaly in- 192S' is. a; contribution disr
cussing whether ..'Fascism - can -put, a sbiil
into its elaborate' machinery ,'fpr the
.iie-brganisation of. the eCpribniic and poli
tical life' of- the. country. Can this ;be, made
the organ of av corporate, spirit of. willing
unity? The, writer decides not.. -The' 'con
verting of the. Italian Press into, a huge
Fascist orchestra has proved a '?fatal inis
take from the Fascist viewpoint. Though
control is so complete that the local Fas
cist Prefect can telephone each.day to his,
editors 'the keynote,' the Press has 'lost
authority with the public; and the Gov
ernment his no trustworthy . means of
answering whispered criticism. Corisequent
?ly this criticism -is as reckless and' exag
gerated as the official self -commendation.
The new 'syndicates' into which employ
ers and workmen are grouped, though they
are* organs of the State, are not liked by
the workmen whose affairs are managed by
those not of their own choosing,/ and
whose bargains with the employers-. are
imposed on them, and are not* of their
own making. Tor this loss of liberty, Fas
cism is attempting to console the workers
by a_unuorm policy or iavouritism in in
dustrial disputes. The employers' syndi
cates are their old-time efficient federations.
These arefholding up the next stage .in
Fascism, the -formation of joint councils
of emplo5rers arid workpeople attached to
the Ministries, to be given supreme power
over national production and |he right to
inquire' into every firm's affffairs. The eco
nomic crisis is acute, but concealed by
methods of Government bookkeeping. A
great programme of public works and
buildings is accomplishing many tasks of
value, but much of the expenditure min
isters to national pride rather than utility,
and is not calculated on capacity to pay.
The writes concludes with the belief that
Fascism is' virtually Mussolini.' It has lost
holds on the people, and will probably not
survive him. The lack of organised oppo
sition is a great danger for the future. .
The iftmnd Tablo: A quarterly review of the
politics of the British Empire. SlacMillan and
Qo., Price 5/. Our copy from the publishers.
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