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BIRTHPLACES OF THE CHIEF OFFICERS
ABOUT TO ACT AGAINST RUSSIA. — A gentleman -
curious in such matters (not an Englishman)
has made out the following statement :- Of the
five who are going to command divisions, all
are of different birth, — a Scotchman, a Hano-
verian, an Irishman, a Canadian, and an En-
glishman — thus, Sir George Brown, is, a native
of Linkwood, near Elgin ; the Duke of Cam-
bridge was born at Herenhausen, in Hanover ;
Sir de Lacy Evans is a native of Moig, in Ire-
land ; Sir Richard England, a native of Detroit,
in Upper Canada ; and the Earl of Lucan is the
only Englishman of that rank ; he is to com-
mand the cavalry, and is a Londener by birth,
though of course an Irishman by descent. So
also it is remarkable with respect to the fleets,
how the two highest in command are not En-
glishmen ; Sir Charles Napier was born near
New Falkirk, in Scotland, and
Admiral Dundas, at Calcutta, though he also is
a Scotchman by descent. Amongst the eleven
Brigadiers-general, it is interesting to observe,
H. J. Bentinck (English ?), of Dutch origin (on
both sides — his mother having been' a De Rede. ,
de Ginkle) ; Sir Colin and Sir John Campbell','
of Scotch blood ; Colonel Pennefather, a ' Tip-
perary boy ; Col. Yorke Scarlett, of Jamaican
descent ; while J. B. B. Estcourt is a London-
er, born near Portman-square ; and Lord Car-
digan, a native of Hambledon, leaving only four.
unaccounted for, and of these W. H.. Adams is a
probably a native of Warwickshire, since he is
head of an old family in that county. William
Eyr, is probably of Nottinghamshire birth, and
George Buller, a Cornishman. Amongst the
six adjutants-general, we notice the two Irish
names of Doyle and Sullivan, and two Scotch,
Maule and Gordon. The mixed nature of our
population is here shadowed forth, but English-
men have not secured the lion's share of the
staff appointments. — "Civil Service ; Gazette.'
Public Speaking and Listening,— 'In
the last railway carriage that I travelled in,
says a correspondent, ' the subject of conver-
sation was ' hard work ; ' and I was much sur-
prised to hear one of the passengers, who, ap-
parently wore a new suit, in which he appeared
ill at ease, as if he was not accustomed, to wear. '
broadcloth, say that 'public speaking was the
hardest work a man could. follow.' ' Did you
ever try listening ? ' said another passenger,
'for I think it is the hardest work of the two,'
On inquiry when I left the carriage, I found
that the 'gentleman' was a delegate, and that
the listener was, one of the turn-outs.' —' Press-
ton Chronicle.
Make-believe 'Working Men.' — A class
has risen up among you (the working classes
who get their living by agitation and organisa-
tion. The beershop is their factory and home.
The loom and the plough know them, yet
they always affect to speak, in the name of the
working classes. Their harangues, glitter with
pikes and smell of gunpowder, although they
generally contrive to keep their person out of
harm's way. They drill you to clamor, and
would drill you to blood and plunder, could
they do it safely. They fawn on your first
fault, and yelp and snarl at all other classes
and on those of your own class who resist their
dictation. They are led by your own enemies,
or pretended friends, to make tools or fools of
you for selfish purposes. Through them the
demagogue cajoles, the aristocrat bribes, the
adventurer plunders, and the spy betrays you ;
and they are a ready agency, for any scheme,
however preposterous, criminal, and disastrous.
— W. J. Fox, M.P.
The Queen Christina of Swden and
Oliver Cromwell's Ambassador—Chris-
tina's imagination had been strongly impressed,
not by Cromwell alone, but by the entire Eng-
lish revolution ; she took delight in ?reading it,
and speaking of it, with the independence of a
philosopher ; she frequently, expressed to
Whitelock great admiration for Milton extol-
ling-the force of, his reasoning, as well as the
beauty of his language. One day, at a ball,
she invited Whitelock to dance with her; he
begged to be excused, as he was rather lame.
' I am fearful, madam,' he said that I shall
dishonor your Majesty, as well as shame my-
self by dancing with you.' ' I will try whether
you can dance,' said the Queen. ' I assure-
your Majesty,' urged Whitelock, ' I cannot, in
any measure be worthy to have you by the
hand.' ' I esteem you worthy , 'said Christina,
and therefore make choice of you to dance
with me.' 'I shall not so much undervalue
your Majesty's judgement,' answered Whitelock,
'as not to obey you therein, and wish I could-
remember as much of this as when I was a
young man/ When they hac done dancing,"-'.'!
and as he was leading the Qieeri back to her. .
seat, ' Pardieu," she Eaid, ' thesi Hollanders ore ,
lying fellows/ ' I wonder,' bid' Whileloqk, .,-
'how the Hollanders should ":oirie into' ypjfr; ,!
mind upon such an occassion al this/ : 'I WW sw
tell you,' -said the Queen : . ' thi (iollandersTC-, i n
ported to me, a great, while Eiice, that, all I the—'
noblesse of England were of tte King's party,
and none hut mechanics of the Parliaiiehtafy
party, and not a gentleman among thrift
1 thought to try you, and to shame you if yobjt
could not dance ; but I sec that you areq-gbd- .
lleman, and have been bred. a gentleiqaijf ;
that makes me say the Hollanders are -lying.
fellows.'— -Guizot's ' History of England 'rind
tho English Commonwealth.' .
The following from the pen of a celebrate
author should be attentively read by every man
who appreciates sound truth and wholesome
instruction :- Breathes, there a man with soul
so dead, who never to himself ;hath said -
wili my country paper , take.;, both forj iny .own /
and family sake ? . If such thers-be
repent, and have the paper to Driisentr-and'ffj"
he'd pass a happy' winter, he: b advance sli|3ulg
pay the printer/

: - JavaI11— TKe-- ' Java Conrant "of 'the 13ili.
May informs us that the mining engineers an)d
exploring banka report that unworked beds of
tin ore exist in the district of Muptok, while in
the district of Jebus many are already worked
out. In Borneo on assistant engineer had-
visited the diamond and gold mineVihi the disi-
trict of.Landak, and was. aboui . '.to ' proceed to
Sukodana and the Karimata Islands. In the.
south and eastern division of Borneo the'fireiii
the Orange Nassau, had, not yet been .ektinl-
i . guisiied.Vbuf, it was hoped it would/very spee
dily be so. ' "B'-'gi&I'dgicnl .'exploration 'in'
'er'tf!E|&chi!Jno'Vberl8. . of fossil
'boal are "to be observed, in the: beds of riverS
s-'andi rivuifetsi'oveil'fh'e greafervpart of Bachianl
The!lluppJCTicrust,.of .tbe beds is yery hard, and
'J'it;bas'io be 'broken _iip" with gunpowder, hut
thie'apcomplisheil,'., the.jgojd. ig; found very
- ''workabU. ji3ngy'.7lient>r and,
at. the' ;surfhce)
""Oodl'was being worked .at .Amassing "for Mr:
'Cores de Vrie'ss'teiuhersl'Gdld is found on
the "surface overstbVSvhple of Bacbian. Cap
tain Wap, of thenlDhtoh 'ship pTan Handrick, on
his way picked up
tn Pradeayour' 'St'rmt/jtite commander, mate,
"fourteen sailors, vandi two2 native -women, be
longing to the .English steamer Sophia.! They
had been twenty., Idaysion the sea in two open
'boats,, with very 'scanty supp lies of water and
i'prbvisiohs":t:";:A'biiid;pf prewas .lately found on
Billitong, in jgreat abundance, similar in ap-)
ypearance with a'speeies bf iton ore, but thought
to contain tinV,wOn'jbeing .test.eil in 'the chemical
laboratory at Wetterreden.it was found to con ;
"tain 50 per cent of tjn:. )' . .This tin is identical:
with bei&':mle,'fin./. :1.' t. ,
Antiquity; oy.,, Damascus.— Damascus ex
isted even before the patriarch Abraham's time,
'being 'referred 'to, 'as' a well-known place, 'in the.
,ipurteentb.,jchapter . of 'Genesis I it was the
capital of Syria, founded . by Rezhyand was
:sacked: by'JcrSbqanarn.:,7King. of Israel. It is
now a comparatively thriving and populous
city,' and' has those nattiMresour'ccs of'cli'mate,:
soil,' -arid 'abundance " of .water, which cannot;
faij,to.perpetuate<its fameas the garden of the:
East. That sepurgp .of. nations, the. cholera,:
did not,. bojveyer; .exempt. the. fair environs of:
Sham, in its progress from east to west in 1848.)
Thousands fell viclims to"ifs ravages; and even
many of the pleasant and open villages in the;
neighborhood were desolated by the ' h'awa--
al Asfar,' or the .yellow, .wind, . as the Syrians'
, designate that "terrible plague. — ' .The Thistle
and the Cedar, of Lebanon.' ' '
Serious' Loss' op5 LiPe.— A Peshawur letter,
dated the 15th, affords the following : — I sup
pose you have heard of the. frightful accident'
that occurred, at,, A tio.ck on' Sunday morning
last; ' When' bne of 'the passage boats, in crossing
over the river, -with- upwards of 1 50' passenger's
fiye camels, /and .the- baggage of some unfortu-
nate officer at the station, together with all his
servants, wahin'ohe 'moment, dashed against a
rock, and evety soul,; with' the exception of five -
'of sSj' \'ger(shed:j; Those/ who were.. saved,
were . picked up 1 clinging" to a portion of;
the wreck.; high . Jtimq,, , -indeed,; to .have , a
good , hi'jdge/at. this)! spot.'/—' ' Delhi Gazette,-
-Apni.19. ; "
or tribes of the
| hntiadE'. rape present', more : interesting, and cha-
l: racteristic peculiarities -to the notice of the eth-
X nologist'aiid philologist' thau,'. do this tribe, the
J' gipfijj,. an,d/pf)tbese there are a considerable
| number, scattered throughout Turkey in Eutope,
I pariicularly.in yarioiiis districts of the Albanian
I ifi'ovinces;, in ),thatli; e.m'pire, .where they are:
I known by the name ' Tsliingaries,' evidently
I the samen"ameV iia'(ibhally"m"odified, as that by -
I which 'they<are'1kil'bwn;'in tli'e Italian language;
I Jiha,' they are said
I td.pithoujahd. in Fremiti also
1 they are numerous, as also in some of the
I smaller; villages on jthei coast, ris. well' as in
1 ldg/twtns>."l'7here;'>iheiihr the most pai't
I take, up their, abode inthe suburbs. : Here, ' as
| elsewhere'./their brdinary.ocoupaiiohs are those
I; of the) tinker, 7the blacksmith, .and the fortune-
I teller j ibesidesiwhich/ according to, some tra-
| vellers in those countries. Jhey perform, the
I diities;)qf public, executioner, but without being:
i settied permanently in any- abode, thus main-
I taining one of- their .effief peculiarities, that of
| wandering from place to place.
| amenica/. epitorial,; Civilities. — The,
I bast repartee we' have lately seen come from
I Prentice, the. wag of the ' Louisville Journal.'
I The-'etdr' ithea'i)!bdmalag' called it. out
I by 'the! ''following ' .squib , :t—' Why is the editor
I; <>f tthe Louisville Journal's5 career through life
I like a celebrated tune,?/ ':! . Because it is the
I Rogue's"' March.' Prentice, who is a 'dead
|: shot;' loaded his. piebe,: and faking aim, let the
I ' Flag)-'man'have it rigbtiliiV'the teeth after the
1 'following.; manner, to wit.:— ' !Why: will the edi-
|f "tor. of the Flog,' , at the close of his career
H through life; be like'a iune of Pnganini's ? Bc-
i "cause lieyiU he;(executed:ono single, string.' —
Ain/papOT-j/l./Vri'V/ )u.'-v..-iD' ' ' ' '
B: Why tweu Want-Vegetable Food.- — While
K flpsb, or. seeds, supply the nitrogenous elements
m required .by.' the , waste of) the/body in the adult,
||-aqd: the.waste and: surplusgrowth in the young,
gT'the inorganic element's 'mUst)alsp be, supplied ,
k ' either " in "stems'; jropta)) or j leaves,, or , directly;
jl| Dr.- A'ldridge has- sbowni that seeds -and flesh,
® are defficientjmsulxffiur and the alkalies. The
loss, of sulphur in an adult. of .ten stone .weight
is about twenty, grpips ; daily.'iand eighty-four
K.grains of .potash and soda: The quantity of
E wheaten 'flour repuisifeTor. supplying the waste
B0' nitrogeh/and; aI' bther.velcments, contains,
E however.'butseyenteeh grains of sulphur,; and
lorty-three grains of ihe alkalies. ln a similar
g/mahheF'-the /'weighV'pf:peas, ;in':otlief respects
K sufficient for, supplyihg.ih'e daily loss by waste,
K-'contaiha only elevem grains'of sulphur and fifty-
flvc of alkalies. - The hcrbaceous . parts of vege-
B tables, ,while1'defl:citnli-in'lhitrogei/. 'abound in
B 'mi n eral xlcmenl s.r ; > lbs poiato . contains, in , a,
K'hulk>. not' too considerable, 'all tho necessary
ffi'elein'ehts; for the supply of waste.— Spencer
ffiWells .on Gout. .
b. Russian Litbratvre.— The .ukpso, prohi-
ffihiting - Jewisb' bfo'ihep ihRiissian Poland, from
Kwenring false hair,: has' 'been' 'aggravated ' by a
Knew order/prohibiting.the'ih from \yearing /any:
Kkiud of KeaddreM vunder their bonnets. . Their
Hfhusbands or.-reiatives-are made/res'po'nsible 'fbr"
fflRobe'dience-to this ordbr,' anil/'iri base of irifrac-,
Htion, ale to be imnisheiwitli a flne and.impri-
jKonjmen&.'7?ertUb1aye.«dreMy been punished. ,
»The .ra,hhi8iffle qrder.ed, not', to. perl'orm the'
Kaorfingeberemonyfpr'qny woman \yho disobeys
H&h esq orders;- hn'd the . offenflihg rabbis, if young,
ggnen'; are.;to be. sent as private soldiers to a pe-
®ial,cplpny:.'-AtloS.:? , 7;< j <j i t . ; ..i iiA : J , ; . .i
The.,wap,lwilh.Rnssiods yery nhpopalar with
Kwho" PuB'eyites.-as thiey' ''can1, plainly see tliat it
vill he a .dreadful blow -to their tallow candies;."
Ill—' unjch.:a , ft < > o ;i ( ;'i c\k:i i\ I'W'iV
K; WifiowEit.r— A, liberated' /prisoner,- who' (if
do,'.) the! femaib police of society con-
Mfflider'/yyants looking
b| lbftt. raadjaesSi.it, iq fr, a man, to. starve liim-!
Hnelf, to, enrich his. heir, and so turn a friend iuto
Bffin enemy. .rnc-,,. ;

, .The Turkish Armt. — 1 he. irregular Turk
ish troops of the present- dfty might remind us
pf .the followers of Xerxes or Darius, witli tliis
d'fference, that a royal mandate assembled, the
latter, while the invasion of their country , has
been sufficient to cause, the Albanian, the
Kurd, and the Turcoman to leave their flocks,
Rnd the peasant to -quit' hi/s fields, and' after
taking down his arins and saddling, his horse,
"to'has'ten to tlie "frontiers. One may almost
imagine: tlie animating "picture presented by
the . flowing dress of the Kurds,, mixed with
'the tartan-like. stripes of; tlie Albanians, the
projecting'turban aud ample garments of the
.Turk of 'a sia . inbr> with his yatagan and huge
'pistols .in front of his person, -contrasted with
the simple : cloak and close fitting, lcefiyeh of
:,n ''is hand. . All
these tribes were btirn and have been bred to
an.irregular military life, tending to foster that
sort. 'of pride ..which induces each to.. imagine
.that j the success of. the coming campaign
against the Father of, the Russians/ will de-
pebd u|jpn his iridiyidual exertions inthe cause.
It .must.be: admitted, that to. a certain extent
their personal qualities entitle them to this
claim'.)-, ;)A circumstrance; related to the Author
by a Russian- officer, may here 'be mentioned as
showing the spirit that/actuates this portion of
the sultan's/people...', IJuring one of; the inter
nals which occurred between the attacks made
during the battle of Kulewtscha,- a Turk who
was on the opposite side of the ravine, but
-within- musket-range of his oppooents, delibe
rately walked along parallel to" a Russian bat
talion. Uiakihg insulting grimaces. A drooping
-fire was keut up the, whole, time, nearly from
one end; of the line to the other, which, strange
to say, foiled to bring him down. . Physically,
the Turks are .a fine race of men, and excellent
soldiers. ;. If Turkey should be spared in quid
for', a few yenrs,. her redif or landwebr
will have taken the place of the irregular levies
just-described ; as, in fact, it has already done
in part. .We have seen what resistance was
qflered. to ithe. Russian army by an untrained
force in. 1828 and 1829, not only in the open
field, but also in defending towns,' as' it were,
but half fortified. The speed with which de
fensive works were added during sieges, under
the fire of the enemy, and. above all, the
rapidity with which the Turks cover an army
with intrerichments, are examples which might
be. followed by ourselves and other nations with
advantage. Nor is this all, for. it appears that
the first regular approaches against a fortress
were introduced by this people. It is stated in
a well-known work,- that when the son of the
grand vizier, who was intrusted with the siege
of Candia, found himself unable to make ap-
approaches against-that town he despatched an
engineer to his father, requesting instructions,
from him. The grand vizier, after listening
patiently to his son's messenger, desired him
to approach the divan on which he was seated,
.without putting his feet on the carpet stretched
before it ; -and the vizier, making a signal' for
the" purpose, two attendants rolled" the carpet
onwards, 'Advance now without fear,' said he
to the engineer, 'and let tliis be the
answer you carry to my son.'— From ' Colonel
Chfesriey's 'Russo-Turkish Campaigns. ' Just
published by Smith, Elder and Co.
Omar Pasha. — The ' Times' correspondent,
writing from Shumla, says : ' The lion of the
place and the day is Omar Pasha himself ; who
is no longer the obscure brigadier whom we
introduced to our readers a dozen years ago on
the towering heights of Lebanon, but obtained
not only the highest military rank, and is al-
lowed by all the military men who have latterly
known him, to be one of the most eminent cap-
tains Europe now possesses. His operations,
uniformly successful, in Syria, Kurdistan, Al-
bania, and Bosnia, have shown his complete
mastery of how to handle a division- — the in-
dispensable introduction to the strategy of a
large army, although it may not be conclusive
as to a man's capacity for this highest branch
of the military profession. Without exposing
to defeat, he has thrown doubt and demoral-
isation into the Russian army. Omar Pasha
in appearance is rather above than below the
middle height ; he is thinner than in bygone
years, and the addition of a white beard has so
completely altered his appearance that I should
have had difficulty in recognising him. His
judgments on all questions relating to the Aus
trian and Ottoman empires, his first and second
fatherland, are sound and statesmanlike. He told
me that he boded nothing but evil to Turkey
from the Hungarian revolt, and nothing can
be more true for it has been the paralysis and
subordination of Austria as a Danubian power
that has brought on this great crisis, which
dates, not from the mission of Prince Menschi-
koff, but from the period when the ultra-Mag-
yar illiberals stabbed,the Austrian constitutional
party in the back. Nor is Omar Pasha the
mere lion of a day ; his name will, in all his-
tory be associated with the completion of the
great domestic revolution which Sultan Mah-
moud began, inasmuch as all the old and pow-
erful families of Europe and Asia, from the Be-
zovich of Bosnia to the Agus of the Upper Ti-
gris," have been extinguished as rebellious vas-
sals, and detracting feudal barons, but not as an
aristocracy forming a link between the supreme
power and the people.
"- f The i oils of a Newspaper.— Newspaper
literature, is" a link in the. great miracles which
prove the greai ness of England, and every sup
port should be given to- newspapers. The edi
tors of these papers must have a most enormous
task. . It is not the writing of the leading arti
cles itself, but the obligation to. write
that article every week, whether, inclined or not ,
in sickness or in health, in affliction, disease of
mind, winter - or! summer, year after year, tied
down to tlie task,' remaining' in one spot. It
is like the : walking of a thousand miles in a
thousand hours; I liave a fellow feeling, for 1
know how a periodical will, wear down one's
existence. In itself it appears nothing. -The
labor is not manifest, nor is'it in the labor - it
is in the continued attention whiclt it requires.
Your: life becomes as it were the publication.
One week is no sooner corrected and printed
-than jjneomes an other.. . It. is the stone of Si
syphus, an endless repetition of toil, a constant
Weight.upon. the mind, a continual wearing
upon .the.. faculties and spirit, demanding all;
.the exertions of tho faculties, at tho same time
that : you "are ; compelled to do the severest
dpidgwy'.'/To' yjiite/fur a paper is! very well,
but to edit.one is to oondemn . yourself to sla-
very.— ' Mqryatt/- / : - \ ;
; Swedish'. LIooms, -They are lofty,, and tlioy
are large, .yet ; they nronevercold.:;:. :and you,
raiajr sit in any part, of V,themowithout. fear , of
. having, tho left ear numbed while the right is
; roasting, as in English1 rooms. ' ,T; remember
how ;siiug.we Svere when we breakfasted on the
morrow of pur Arrival; and how, when 'we were,
.about to emerge in tho streets,' we. cbul(l;liardly!
,he persuaded to( |jut on heavy clothing, feeling
-convinced that the weather must have mode-
frated.— W. B. Jerrold., <;
- Ayheii_the heoi't is.biit' of tune, the tongue:
seldom goe6 right.

A Wal i.achi an Vi llao e .—A correspondent
of the ' Morning Chronicle' gives the, following
description bf.ono of these villasos : — Save
two rows of European-looking buildings, and a
church, the whole of the habitations are subieiv
.ranean. They are scattered about apparently
according to the taste of the owners, no two
being connected. Gf these houses nothing is
to be seen but a pent roof, with a rude chim
ney of wattle and mud, two wretched oiled
paper windows, and a door. The windows and
door are set in the roof iike the windows of a
garret in Paris, and the chimney has a flat
cover raised on sticks some indhes. above the
opening, to prevent the entry of rain or snow.
The exterior is either earth or earth color, so
that ihe, effect on the eye is by no means pleas
ing. Near each of these burrows is a stqek of
Indian.com cobs, from which the villagers
make an abominably heavy bread ealled ' Ma
laga/ and which, by a Wallach, is preferred to
good wheat bread. Every 100 yards is a
well, with a ghostly-looking machine acting as
a bucket. A vile breed of the filthiest pigs dis
pute possession of the neighborhood of the
houses, with a troop of barking, cowardly dogs,
and a few sbeepskih-clad peasants completes as
miserable a picture as could be imagined. The
writer of this letter was fortunate enough to be
present in the village at the rejoicings after a
marriage, and so saw it under favorable circum
stances. He his endeavored above to give it
under its usual aspect. Two long stacks of
: maize heads, looking like elevated sheds, con-
'tain Prince Milosch's share of the produce of
the village, namely, one-half. In the European
looking-buildings mentioned above, are a num
ber of shops, some containing wretched articles,
brought down the Danube probably, a few be
ing of home manufacture ; others, wine and
spirits, clothing, grocery, &c. A house of some
pretensions- has a shop below stairs and a cafe
above, containing a billiard table, but having
what must be rather a drawback to the game,
oiled paper windows instead of glass. The
church i'self appears quite out of its element,
and rather solitary, having no building to keep
it anything like in countenance. It is built of
brick, whitewashed, and has a tiled roof, from
which rises a spire, covered over with tin, and
surmounted by a gilt cross. The inside is
painted in the most gaudy style or fresco, by an
artist but indifferently acquainted with tlie
usual proportions of the human frame, or by
one who thought that saints have twice as long
legs, and half as wide shoulders as ordinary
men.' The screen, in front of which, in Pro
testant or Catholic churches, the altar would
be, is painted with figures of saints, and plated
witli silver (or white metal) in a manner quite
dazzling. In the left front of the screen is a
desk with a lamp ; the former being likewise
emblazoned with accurate portraits of the
Evangelists. On each parishioner entering
the church, he walks up to the desk, kisses it,
takes a little oil from tho lamp on his finger,
crosses himself, and places n little money in an
appropriate dish, for. the priest, prior to taking
his seat. At the other end of tho church is a
gallery, from which hangs a! banner, curiously
worked, and of still more curious properties,
for, in case of drought, the priest lias nothing
to do but hang it from tho steeple, when down
comes the rain in quantities sufficient for the
most grumbling of farmers.'
Never attempt to mend a joke after it lias
cracked.
Moving for a new Trial. — Courtiug a se
cond wife.
The lady who ' colored' with indignation says
that it is far better than either rouge or Ver
million.
Why is a bullock a very obedient animal?
Because he will lie down if you axe liim.
No teetotaller can bp consistent to the end.
He may refuse wine all his life, but must come
to his bier at last.
"Why is a donkey like the most unfortunate
creditor in 'the world ? Because he gets no
thing in the r pound.'
A Treaciibrous Memory. — Remembering
the faults of your friends.
There is a tailor of antiquated opinions, who
believes the sewing machine isonly a veryso-so
allair after all.
What kind of vice is it that some person will
shun if they are ever so bad ; — advice.
The Empire of the Ocean.— Nicholas rules
the serfs ; bui Britannia rules the waves. —
Punch.
Paupers. — The annual return, showing the
state of pauperism in England and Wales (with
the exception oi a few parishes under Gilbert's
Act, &c.), has been made up and published. It
shows that the number of paupers in receipt of
relief on the very first day of this 'year was
818,822, a larger number by 11,276, or nearly
l-£- per cent more than on the first day of 1853.
Complimentary to Sombbody. — Rogers
mentioned an observation of John Hunter, that
wherever there was but. one boy with a number
of sisters the boy was sure to ho effeminate
and John Hunter used to give it as a proof of'
Homer's knowledge of human nature, that li e
makes the cowardly youth, Dolon, in the nigh?
scene, sole brother of five sisters.' — Moore's
' Memoirs.'
Swimming by Favor.— ' You see that the
boat in which we sit/ said one of the Emperors
of China to his son; ' is supported by 'the water,
which at the same time may rise and overwhelm
it ; remember the water represents the people,
while the Emperor is only the boat swimming
by its Ihvor.'
. A Dinner Party in Abyssinia. — There
is usually a piece of meat to every five or .six
persons, among whom arises some show of ce
remony as to which of them shall first help
himself; this being decided, the person chosen
takes . hold of the meat with his left hand, and
with his sword or knife cuts a strip a foot or
fifteen inches long, from the part which .appears
the nicest and tendcrest. The others-then help
themselves in like manner. If I should fail in
describing proper'y, the scene which now fol
lows, I must request the aid of the reader's
imagination. Let him picture to himself thirty
or forty Abyssinans, stripped to their waists,
squatting round the low tables, each with his
sword or knife or shoteT in his hand, some
helping themselves, some watting their turn,
but all bearing in their features the expression
of that fierce gluttony which one attributes
more to the lion or tlio leopard than to the
race of Adam. The imagination may be much-
assisted by the idea of the lumps of raw pink-
and-blue flesh they are gloating over. — Parkyn's
' Life in Abyssinia.' . . . .
'Lily of tho Valley' does not think that
beards -arc at all offensive in kissing ; 'but very
comfortable - She. speaks from experience, we
suppose/— Family Herald/. .=
An advertisement appeared in the ' Times,'
(of Saturday, for a" decidedly Christian servant/
Curiously . enough,- a ' good, character', also was,
named as indispensable. \ . V-
J ust, the/1 erm , . for' it. — Considering. the
height at which; shirt: collars nro now worn', -we
tljiiik the present .may indeed be called a stiff-
necked generation. — 'Punch/

A Procession of . Justice in- Bolivia.—
One of the judges, a . man of letters,- but of
dissolute habits, was not a personification of
Justice as respects her blindness. The, charms
of beauty had evidently'- not been lost upon
him, as was clearly evinced by the number of
pretty Cholo girls with infants in their arms;
of whom lie was the reputed father. One- of
these women whose claims upon liim had been
utterly disregarded by this administrator of
justice, unfortunately had no means of redress,
as it was hardly to be expected that the judge
who presided over the tribunal to which alone
the case could be carried, would condemn him
self in! the matter. However, she was deter-;
mined to shame him into an observance of- his
duty, and made an appeal fpi her fellow citi-:
zens in the following fashion : — Having dressed
up her little one as a judge, with wig and robe;
and all the other paraphernalia belonging to
the office, and affixed to -it, both befoi'b and
behind, the name of its father written in large
characters, she carried it in processsion through
the city, to the sound of a drum and trumpet,
with a crowd of women, children, and the
lowest rabble, who joined iii along-continued
volley of shouts, groans, and hisses, coupling
at the same time the name of the learned doc-!
tor with the most opprobrious epithets. This'
curious proceeding was effectual in gaining the
mother's cause, and the judge and father was!
but too glad to come to any terms to avoid so
glaring a scandal. — ' Bonelli's Travels.'
Prinoe Milosch. — All newspaper readers are
familiar with the name of Prince Milosch, one!
of the many tools employed by Russia in car
rying out 'her sche mes against Turkey. He
was originally a peasant, made Prince of Servia
in 1813, and remained chief of the principality
for twenty-five years. Milosch had many ex
cellent qualities, but, in the opinion of his
enemies, he was finally more, sensual, cruel,
and despotic lltan a Turkish pasha. But the
peasants, even to this dav, are devoted to him,
for, in his progress through the country, and
on all occasions, he would call many of them
by tlicir own names, and when they gathered
in crowds, having come long miles to see their
chief, he would cry out to one ' Hey,' Peter,
How does it go with thee now — how are thy
children?' naming them perhaps, and, having
a long memory, recalling each face after ten
years. Then he also understood their occu
pation, for it had been his own, — Alt, Milo 1
your hogs are not fat enough, they ought to
weigh a hundred mure. This naturally gained
the hearts of the peasantry. But, meantime,
say liis enemies, he lost the affections of the
cities by his unbridled lust, avarice, and ven
geance. As he could neither read nor write
he gave Lis orders verbally,- and often settled
personally as judge, after oriental fashions, the
quarrels of t he peasants. But when the strug
gles of war were over, his animal propensities
and his unbridled power overthrew him. He
had no intellectual resources. Without the
religion or the social excuses of the Turks, he
adopted their worst prac:ices. This brutal
savage in his jealousy had Kara George mur
dered, and is said to have ordered tlie skin to
be taken from the head, and, after it was
stuffed, it was sent through the pasha, as a
present, to the sultan. His excessive tyranny-
brought about a rising which drove him into
exile in 1S39. He is anxious to re.Kain his
position, and is now upon his estates in Wnl-
lachia, receiving some of his Servian friends ;
but his chances of success are very small, and
are not spoken of. He has amassed great
wealth, which he appears to be spending ft eely,
in organizing a volunteer corps in the Russian
service.
1 Snobs. — When you hear a man insisting up
on points of ettiquette and fashion, wondering,
for instance, how people can eat with steel
forks and survive it; or what charms existence
has for those who dine at three, without soup
or fish— be sure that that individual is a snob.
The Stage. — The theatre is one of the
greatest anomalies of modern civilisation. It
lias been an established institution in all civi
lised countries, in the face of an opposition
lasting through 500 years, and it still stands.
Next to the" sports of the chase, it is the oldest
of all human recreations, and claims for its vo
taries the loftiest genius that have blessed man
kind. The instincts of the people dsmaud its
pleasures, and it will find a tooting wherever it
is not excluded by law. The taste lor the
stage is not merely a love of tinsel and inex
plicable dumb show — it is the universal desire
to see the bright side of the world, and to tra
vel out of ourselves into the a'ry regions of
poetry and romance. The persecution it has
met has been deserved, wlieie it fell upon the
immoralities unhappily united with it; but the
undiscriminating hostility to all dramatic re
presentations of human life, as something ini- .
quitous 'per se/ is a mere folly, inexcusuble
were it not for something worthy in the feeling
from which it sprung. Had the stage been
rescued to the purposes of virtue, instead of
having suffered outlawry among the good, a
powerful instrument would have been saved to
the better side. Not only for the purposes of
amusement, but of mental culture, dramatic
show is a nutural and efficient means. Re
gardless or thoughtless of this, good men have
let it decline to base uses, and then blamed the
evil which, in some measure, at least, tiiey
might have prevented, "Were every delicious
taste or art abandoned on tlie same ground as
the drama,' our life would be/bereft of the bene
fit and solace of the whole of .them. There are
great difficulties, no doubt, in giving to the
stage a high and pure character — but are they
insuperable ? Is there any reason why this, as
well as any other natural taste, .may not be
purged and'made a ' minister of grace ? ' If
there be, still let us. discriminate between the
thing itself and our own weakness.
A pigeon roost, ten miles long by five broad,
in Franklin county, Indiana, is now swarming
with pigeons. The roar of their wings, on ar-;
riving and departing fconi tho roust, is tremen-.
dous; and the flocks, during flight, darken the
heavens. The ground is covered to the depth
of several inches with their manure. Thou
sands are killed by casualties from the breaking
limbs oftrees, and hundreds of hogs live upon
-them.' Sportsmen are tired of killing them so
easily obtained.— New York Tribune/
A gentleman writing from London last week;
who is more accustomed to tread the green hills
of Dumfriesshire than Cheapside, says — ' I
heard, Lord John bring in his new- reform bill
on Monday night. Should the mi asure pass, -
it will enfranchise most of our shepherds, as
tliey generally- have £50 or more in the savings
bank/ There can he scarcely two opinions as
to the advantage of having such an intelligent
and independent class of men on tho register.
— Dumfries Courier.'
' In many cases -the extravagance' which ; nt-
tend"s funerals arises from vanity and selfishness
rather than from sorrow or respect tor the de
parted. -We muSt show tho world how much
we are affected,- and make an 'exhibition' cif our
I sorrdw toJ gratify our own desirF for ostenta-;
tion.

Death of. the Earl/of Surrey.— When
Surrey was summoned -betore the Privy Count
cil in the first instance/ he deuiad the charges
brought against him,' (and. demanded a public
trial ; and if tbat were refused him,- ,he asked
permission to decide, 'the cause by single com/
bat, offering to forego his armor and fight his
accuser in his shirt. ; On the1 trial He. defended
himself with gt eat boldness . and ability. ; One
witness detailed a - pretended conversation, ' iti
which he boasted of an insolent answer lie, had
made to Surrey. .The only notice Surrey took
of tliis. statement was to turn to the jury; ;ob-,
serving, ' I leave it to your.-elves, gentlemen, to
judge whether it were probable that this mari
should, speak thus to the Earl of Surrey, arid
he not /strike liim.' His courage in these
desperate circumstances was as unavailing as1
his innocence. The jury, . composed of Norfolk
men, amongst wltpm it is painful to find the'
names of t\yo relations of , the devoted Glerc,:
found, him guilty. At , that riioment lfenry.
VIII., to use Hollingsiied's expression, which-
faintly depicts the last agonies of that bloated
mass of corruption, was lying in the extrcmi-i
ties of death-. It is matter of history that for'
.some time he had been incapable of' affixing
his signature to the instruments of state, and:
that' the stamp which represented his auto
graph had, : at least in one instance, been -stir- i
reptitiously employed. :i How far Mertford!
may be responsible for hastening the execution I
of Surrey's sentence, by the aid of ihe facility)
thus afforded hint, or whether the warrant, was
expedited to gratify the last sanguinary lust of
the English Nero, must be left to conjecture.
The execution took place, within eight days
after the sentence. Surrey was condemned to
death on the 13th of January, 1547; in the
30th year of his age, arid beheaded on the 21st,
on Tower Hill. /The king expired within a
week, and the Duke of Norfolk, whom the
world, could better have spared, was saved.
All the circumstances connected with ,the last
hours of Surrey were carefully suppressed, and
the execution was conducted with as much se-
cresy as possible, but there can be no doubt
that, he met his death with fortitude. Ilis re
mains were buried in the parish of All Hal
lows-Barking, Tower-street, and were after
wards removed to Framlingham, in Suffolk, by
his second son, the Earl of Northampton, who
erected a monument, with an inscription to his
memory. He left two sons, the eldest of-whom
became Duke of Norfolk, and three daughters,'
afterwards married to Lords Westmoreland,
Berkeley, and Scrope of Bolton. Ilis widow
married again in the reign of Edward VI.
Surrey was slight, and small in stature, re
markably active, and capable of much endur-
a wee. His face, long and strongly marked,
wore an expression of gravity almost amount
ing to sadness. His eyes were full of beauty,
dark, calm, and lustrous. It is said that he
was sumptuous and magnificent in his mode of
living. I he pride of biood, which made him
so lavish in his expedditure, was no less appa
rent in his bearing, but it was modified by
noble qualities, lie was courageous to a fault,
generous, and confiding, an ardent lover of
truth, and a steadfast friend. The impetuosity
of his temper committed him to some raslt and
foolish excesses, but he who did not live
long enougli for his character to ripen into ma
turity should not be reproached with the er
rors of his youth. — From the ' Annotated Edi
tion of the British Poets.' Edited by Robert
Bell. Just published.
A virtuous mind in a fair body is a fine pic
ture in a good light, and therefore.it is no
wonder that it makes the solter sex full of
charms.
True eloquence consists in saying all that is
necessary, and nothing more. -
A miser is the most oblivious, and yet the
most vindictive of- mortals, because ho is
always for-gettingl and never for-giving.
The last case of jealousy is that of a lady
who discarded her lover, a sea captain, because,
in sjjeaking of one of his voyages, he said he
' hugged tite shore.'
There is nothing like a fixed, steady aim,
with a honorable purpose. It dignifies your
nature, and insures you success..
Questions for Naturalists. — Is the
Black Sea green or blue ? What tinge does,
the Red tea incline to ? Wiiat color, is a
Bishop s See ? ' And is tlie ' Papal See' really
as black as it is painted ?
Adulteration of Food.- — AVe are informed
that is intended in a short time to hold a con
ference of medical and scientific men in this
town, to consider the systematic and alarming
adulterations of food and articles of general
consumption. At this meeting we understand
several practical resolutions will be submitted,
and, _ among others, recommendations that
proper Government officers be stationed at the
various ports to prevent the introduction of
adulterated articles ; and that public analyzers
be appointed by town councils and quarter-
sessions, and power given to magistrates to in
flict fines on their evidence. Mr. Postgate,
who lias for a considerable time been enguged
in investigations on this important subject, has
received Irom Mr. G. F. Muntz, M.P.,, an in
timation that should the subject be brought,
before Parliament, he will cordially assist his.
hon. colleugue, Mr. Scholefield, in endeavoring
to attain the contemplated object. — ' Aris's
Birmingham Gazette'.
; Rats are sadly destrustive to the foreign
mails, particularly on board the West India
packets, where the rats arc large and voracious.
It is curious that these vermin will not touch
leather bags of it tan color. Rats are ex
tremely fond of parchment, but sealing wax
they will not touch. Some time since a will
in. England was required in Detnerara. After
immense trouble and expense the will was ob
tained and sent out.;. When the mail arrived
at Demerara, however, the rats had eaten the
will, . and nothing but the seal was left.— -Ja--'
maica paper. . -
i Peruvian Batiiing. — I , took a stroll along
the beach, and was muchamused at witnessing
the singular mode adopted by the ladies for the
enjoyment of a water excursion. The bathing
men are Indians, very stout and robust; who,
being divested of every species of covering ex
cept a pair of drawers, take to the water, 'cacli
carrying a lady upon his shoulders. The men
strike out. to swim;', and- dy so 'without' inconve
niencing the ladies, who float horizontally on
the surface of the water. In -this way they are
carried for a mile or more, and appear to enjriy
.this novel mode of locomotion extremely. —Bo
nelli's ' Travels in Bolivia.'
; The Early-Closing Movement.— Swell:
' Now, stupid, where are you sweeping your
mud to ?' Crossing-sweeper (busily sweeping
back, the mud upon the crossing) : ' I'm only
shutting-up shop, your honor! ...
: Seeing it Better. — Two very enthusiastic
young ladies;- bound recentlyfor Calcutta, were
very anxious to see something of Madeira; and
being :told; in 'the middle 'oif tlie uightjihat they
were passing it;" one of them", (hastily dressed
herself and came out of her cabin with a lighted
candle in her hand, in order to see it hotter.

PoisoftBD' WfiLhs.-MiJre "filMtioif'floes not
purify "Cesspool refils;'''fHpfiglrifiriay caris'e
the water tor10ok ' brjg'ht anu !sarfilihg//'ipr.
Angus ; Smith; jlias;-, anaiyse(l.e/)wjte' -.(from
scores of wpls. within tint! near(towns)c0sspools,
arid graveyards,- and neyep -found one »spe,cimen
of water untainted..,-!-. ,-Many s ,waters regularly
used were fuund tin evaporation to leave- it resi
duum;! the:suiell of' whiclf'-wnis -'''awful and
some waters; said to be' ' very/gb'o'cl/ -were
'positively pdisoflrius jWith, matter' from" graves,
cesspo'oIs,and.draiiis.' I.have.perspnjillyin-
spee cd luimli'cds of instances .wherfi.Nvelis and
cesspools are,sun k , in alluvial deposits,, of sand-,
gravel, &c., and have heard the ovyners -ofsuch
wells and, cesspools .maintain in the m'osttposi-
tive .manner that no better water could be
found 'tthan' their particular primp' produced,
although they would 'acknowledge /that' tlie
cesspool had received, tlie 'Coritent's. of 'qrie Or
more water-closets, as also all tlie. house )sl'pp-
water refusc,- and had never, requjred emptying
for. twenty "years. ; This bad been , set , forth, :us
matter for special- congratulation, -and. as- proof
positive that sewers and drains of . transmission
were not required, and that a public7 water
supply, from a pure source, was, not needed.—
Correspondent of the ', Builder/ ) '
PAui'kRs, --The account of expenditure for iri-
raainteririncc .and. oiitirelief, bias only been made
up toMichaelinas i the amount for. the half-year
ending at Micheltnas last, was noc more than
£i, 6115,073, an increase of- only £10,1 18'over
the corresponding half-year : of 1853; ' but it
does not appear whether the increase' in' the
number of paupers had. taken 'place 'at Michael
mas, and probably the rise in the price of pro
visions may "have more seriously affected . the
rate of expenditure since Michaelmas. ; 'ihe
increase in the number of paupers was chiefly
in Lancashire, and'inthe metropolis. and coun-
ties adjacent ; there was a decrease in the West
Riding. Of the whole increase; viz., 1 1,271)
ho less than 8,4,30 'arose in the' class of adult
able:bptlied paupers (not .being vagrants) ;., tho
numbcp ini tu.is class having risen from ; 1 27:, 6 1 9
in the previous year, to 136,049, an increase, of
above 6-J- per cent., The adult'- able;bo'died
paupcrs iu the workhouse, only .1S,490 at' the
beginning of 1853, were 21,964 on the first
day of this year— a very .large increase on '"sucli
a number ; but in their case the. cause for. the
application for relief was not. stated-. Inthe
out-door cases the causes a-e given ; this 'class
of adult able-bodied paupers! rose from 109, 129
in 1853, -to 1 14;085 in 1854, and the chief .in
crease was under the following . heads, . viz.,
'adult males relieved. on account of want of
work or other causes/ 1,943 in 1853, 3,216 in
1854; ' wives of adult. males,' ;2 l-,i 79 in 1853,
33,293 in 1854. The classification in the for
mer of these two instances is very unsatisfac
tory. There' is an account given of the num
ber of adult males felieved on account of sud
den' and urgent necessity," of those relieved on
account of sickness or accident (distinguishing
whether in their own case or that, of a member
of tlieir family), and the rest of the adult males
are huddled together, so that there are; no
means of ascertaining how many of them "are
relieved! on account' of 'want- of. work,' and h'ow
many from other causes.
'i he Million. Testaments for China
Tlie printing-presses . in China are already, .bu
sily employed in this great ,work, multiplying,-
as by a miracle, the bread which is to feed: the
: souls of millions. Letters have recently been
Irceeived by tlie' Bible' Society, froin'their ricor-
responding committee and' plans are matured
for printing 250,000 copies in China in eighteen
:m'onths, dating from the 1st January, , 1854.
The. bishop of Victoria guarantees to furnish
from his stations -85,000. Dr. Medhurst,
415,000 ; Dr. Legge, 50,000. It is proposed
that -another -quarter of a million' should be
printed in Londonin the same period, for which
wooden blocks 'will be' 'sent from China. Thus,
half a million will be ready in eighteen months ;
arid, if similar expedition be employed in the -
jetnaining portion ,of,tlie;Work,the whole will be
completed in three years, a much shorter period
thanr had been anticipated. - ;
I -Captain Noble of the Taylbur.- — The re
port of the Local Marine Board of Liverpool,
with reference to the case of Captain Noble'; of
tlie Tayleur, has been laid before the Board of
Trade. After the examination of < several wit.,
ricsses, and Captain Noble himself, the Board
reports, that it is fully)itnpressed with- tile con-
viction that Captain Noble, notwithstanding
the serious disaster with which his name /is,;
connected, possesses skill and ability; both as a .
navigator and' as a seaman, arid they have
therefore no hesitation in reporting, to. my lords
their unanimous opinion ..that John Nobleis
neither from incompetency, nor from any other
cause, either specified in the Act) or not there- .,-,
iri specified, unfit to discharge the duties of a '
Master ; and this Board, therefore, recommend
to my lords, thri. renewal of ' liis certificate of
competency.— London paper. ' ' V . -
Babylonian DisCoVery.— (Quobn t Semirai; .!
mis.)— In continuation of my letter of (January- :
2)5 to the ' Athenmum' , 1 now hasten to, an
nounce a further discovfery, which verities the
only .point reserved as doubtful' in- my former!
historical scheme— and which is, moreriver,: of ;
immense importance in explaining the mingled
fable and tradition of the Greeks. It mhy bc :i
remembered thai I 'identified a-cer'tqiii Assyrian ,
king/whose cuneiform name I. read, with, some
hesitation as Pltal-lukha, with the-Pul. or Pita.:
loch of Scripture and the Belochus of ,the
Greeks, and that '-I supposed the upper royal
line to liave ended with this, king, -in b.c.: 747, '
from v(hich date commenced1 tlie era, of Neboy/
nhssair iri the neighboring independent kingdom
oi; Babylonia. I rieed not repeat 'the) argiL,
nients- with which I supported the, identifica
tion in question, nor allucjc again to the singu- ;
lar agreement of the Greek historians in con
necting Belochus with-a'Scytho-Ariim invasion
of Assyria through tlite presumed in.strumenta
lity of his foreign wife, who is named , indiffe
rently Ato'ssa arid Semiramisj and who7 is al-'
ways represented as - joint monarch with her
husband: The discovery whiclyT have'now! fo
arinouncC ' is, that) within the larit few/days tha "
workmen employed in the service, of the Bri-.
tish Museum have disinterred from the .ruins
of the S.E. palace at -Nimrud: a,; perfect
statue of the god Nebo, inscribed across the "
breast rwith aTegerid1 of "twelve .'lines; uwhicli
states tliat the' figurev.iri question1
by a Certain '. sculptor lof'Calalf; -'anddedibited ,
by.hiin fo liis lordj Ph'il-lukhp,
sVria, and to- his.lady, Samuramit,, ,'queeri of .
tlie palace.— Col'.; Rawlirison, letter dated Bag- /
dad,- Feb.-21. V-' toij'.'.iuu u b u)
! London " Gardening-. — The-fWest Londoni
Anti- Enclosure ' arid 'Field Garden Allotment
Society liave taken up' thd qnestion-of reVWing
to)wri and village greerih. and have purchasc'd'o/
plot )of ground near'the, Harrow-road, which is
open tb subscribers and, their friends'. The sub
scription, >'s 2d .only per week,, for/which ,each
'subscriber : has /also one ofv the. small -giutdens ,
round the green. " ""
No man can avoid his own company, so "ha
had beBt make it as good as possible . .

$