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NOMENCLATURE OF SOUTH
AUSTRALIA.
NAMES AND THEIR ORIGIN,
XV.—AN ALPHABETICAL
REVIEW.
—Oldest Copper Mine in Australia.—
Kapunda is the name given to the
first copper mine discovered in South
Australia and to the town adjacent.
The word is coined from Cappie oonda,,
which means in aboriginal talk “water
jump out' — probably a spring. A rich
copper lode was discovered in the loca
lity in 1842 by Charles Samuel Bagot,
younger son of Capt Bagot, when
gathering wild flowers on his fathers
run and a few days later by Francis
Stacker Dutton, when mustering some
sheep that had been scattered by a
thunderstorm. A few specimens of ore
were shown in Adelaide, a survey was
made, and the land was purchased by
Messrs. Bagot and Dutton at the up-
set price of £1 per acre. They subse
quently sold to English capitalists.
The first ore was raised on January 8,
1844, and a town was laid out shortly
after by the proprietors. The first
manager of the mine was Mr.
William Oldnam. The metal was
so pure that it brought the best
price in the world's markets. The pri
mary cause of abandonment was the
serious influx of water. Sir Charles
Samuel Bagot (he was knighted in
London) had a distinguished career as
a barrister in the old country, and died
comparatively recently. He acted as
Secretary to the Lord Chancellor for
a period, and when the administration
of the lunacy laws was entrusted to a
commission of three medical and threa
legal gentlemen Sir Charles S. Bagot
was appointed to that body.
The Hundred of Kapunda was be-
stowed by Governor Young in 185.
— More Copper Mining.—
Kadina, like two other towns on
Yorke's Peninsula, owes it existence to
the discovery of copper lodes in 1860
on land held as a pastoral lease from
the Crown by the late Sir. W. W.
Hughes, who became a large share
holder in several mines, and the sole
proprietor of one. The survey of the
town was made by a Government
officer, and it was named Kadina by
Governor Macdonnell eariy in 1861. It
retains in one word the sound of the
native name of a locality about four
miles south of the present town—
'Caddy-yeena' or -'Caddy-inna,' mean
ing 'lizard plain.'
The Hundred of Kadina was be
stowed by Governor Daly in 1862.
—The Fate of an Earl's Son.—
Kanyaka township represents a cor
ruption of a word by which the natives
knew a watorhole on Kanyaka Station
marked by a large stone at the brink.
In 1851 Mr. Hugh Proby, third son
of the Earl of Craysfort, took up 240
square miles of pastoral country which
a quarter of a century later became
part of the Hundred of Kanyaka.
Mr. Charles H. Watts selected the
country, and was associated with
Hugh Proby. The latter and his per
sonal friend (Mr. Probin) came out in
the same ship, and lived for a time at
Glenelg. Then the station was for
med. The couple had been mustering
cattle, and by some mischance young
Proby's horse took him into the Wil
lochra Creek, which was in high flood.
The horse escaped, but the rider lost
his life despite gallant efforts on Mr.
Probin's part to save him. He was
buried at the station, and the grave
was enclosed by a heavy post-and-rail
fence.. Over the grave there is a tab
let bearing the following inscription:—
'Sacred to the memory of Hugh
Proby, third son of the Earl of Cray-
forth, who was drowned while cross
ing the Wilochra Creek, August 30,
1852, aged 24 years. 'Take ye heed,
watch and pray, for ye know not when
the time is'— Mark xiii. 33.' This tab
let was placed over the grave by the
deceased's brothers and sisters in
1858, Several of Mr. Proby's relatives
visited South Australia in later years
and inspected the grave. Shortly be
fore Bishop Kennion left South Aus
tralia he received a letter from Lady
Claude Hamilton asking him to con
secrate the grave. The Bishop's time
was so much occupied that he could
not personally perform the ceremony,
but arranged with, the Rev. F. E.
Perrin to consecrate the grave. The
ceremony was performed on August
24. 1894, just 42 years less six days
after Hugh Proby's death, Mr. Probin
came out from England specially to
be present. The Kanyaka Station
became the property of Messrs. Grant
and Phillips in 1852. Mr. J. B. Phil-
lips kept the horse that Hugh Proby
rode before he was drowned for many
years after, its name was Squatter.
—'The Village of Kensington.'—
Kensington, or the village of Ken
sington as it was originally named, by
Charles Catchlove, is situated on sec-
tion 289, selected by Anthony Jack
son, of London (whence comes the
name), throngh his Adelaide agent,
Matthew Smith, solicitor. The grant
was made out in the name of John
Brown, emigration agent, and Charles
Catchlove. The survey of the village
was made by J. H. Hughes, in Novem
ber, 1838, and allotments were sold in
1839 from a plan declared to by Mat
thew Smith, John Foster Clay, and
William Williams. The village was
laid out in 102 acre allotments, divided
by spacious streets running at right
angles, intersected by 'Hallett's Rivu-
let, which will afford the village a
plentiful supply of water nine, months
in the year.' (Vide The Register of
April 13, 1839.) Hallett's Rivulet is
the Second Creek of to-day. Up to
1840. only a few persons had made
their homes in Kensington, but during
the forties an impetus was given, to
settlement in the neighbourhood by
the building enterprise of Mr. John
Roberts, founder of Clayton Church,
in the cemetery attached to which his
remains lie. It is recorded that a Mr.
Marshall was the first resident of
Kensington. His house was situated
in what is now Wellington street. At
the extreme end of High street near
the tram sheds, stands a very old
habitation, which was the residence of
Col. A. H. Freeling, formerly Sur
veyor-General. Not far away, in
Bishop's place, stands what in the late
forties and early fifties was Bishop's
Court, the dwelling place of the Right
Rev. Augustus Short, first Bishop of
Adelaide. Kensington and Norwood
were the first suburban townships to
receive the boon of separate municipal
government. The corporation was es-
tablished by proclamation in The Go-
vernment Gazette of July 7, 1853.
Kensington Park was once known as
Little Cornwall.
—After a Medical Man.—
Kent Town, one of the most
favoured residential localities in the
surroundings of Adelaide, was origi
nally section 255. It was granted to
George Barnes in October, 1841, and
transferred to Robert Torrens in 1846,
there having been a dispute between
Dr. Benjamin Archer Kent and Mr.
Torrens concerning its ownership. Dr.
Kent was living there in 1840, in a
wooden house, to which was attached
a choice garden. He built a flourmill
near the old brewery. Subsequently
the present brewery or 'maltings' was
erected on the site of Dr. Kents old
residence, and for many years por
tions of his garden remained in the
shape of scrubby looking, barren trees.
The last of them disappeared when the
paddock at the corner of Capper street
was enclosed within the playing area
of Prince Alfred College. In. 1854 Mr.
Charles Robin and Sir Henry Ayers,
as trustees of Dr. Kent had the pro
perty surveyed and cut into township
blocks. Among the first residents were
Messrs. F. B. Carlin, S. Beddome
(Police Magistrate), W. Rhodes, and A.
Blackham.
—The Burra's Spare Name.—
Kooringa is the native and oflicial
name for the Burra. It was laid out
by Mr. Thomas Burr, formerly Deputy
Surveyor-General, in April, 1848, and
enlarged, as the following note indi
cates:— 'Approved as to the bounda
ries of the town of Kooringa, part of
the Burra special survey, at a meeting
of the directors of the South Australian
Mining Association, held the 24th Jan
uary, 1860. Henry Ayers, secretary.'
Kooringa is aboriginal for sheaoak and
water. The timber mentioned grew
there in abundance in the early days.
— Naxracoorte's Alias.—
Kincraig, another name for Narra
coorte, which crops up most frequently
in election returns, is after the birth
place in Inverness-shire, Scotland, of
the late Mr. W. Mclntosh, founder of
the south-eastern township.
—Persecuted Germans.—
Klemzig, on the north side of the
Torrens, is repeated from Prussia, On
November 16, 1838, the Prince George
arrived in South Australia with 200
German emigrants, who had been as-
sisted by George Fife Angas to escape
from the religious persecution in the
Fatherland. The Germans strongly ob-
jected to be scattered over South Aus
tralia. They wished to settle down
together as a body of agriculturists,
but owing to delays having
taken place in the survey of
the country lands, even many who had
arrived earlier, were prevented from
engaging in agricultural pursuits, and
in consequence agricultural labourers
were at that time largely in excess of
the demand. In these circumstances
Mr. Flaxman (Mr. Angas's representa
tive) took upon himself the responsi
bility of settling the Germans upon
some land belonging to his principal
on the Torrens, a short distance from
Adelaide, to which they gave the
name Klemzig, after their native town
in Prussia. The Germans proved won
derfully industrious people, and their
settlement was a complete success.
During the last Boer war a proposal
was made to change the name of
Klemzig to Powell, in honour of the
hero of Mafeking, but this senseless
piece of jingoism was frustrated. The
suggestion was a direct affront to the
memory of these heroic and high
minded Germans. The Register wrote
of them at the time:— ''Our neighbours
are entitled to much consideration
from us. Driven from their native
country because they would not yield
to that worst form of tyranny which
seeks to rivet chains on men's minds
and dictate to them their faith, they
came here, erected their altar among
us, and are now presenting us with a
model of practical colonization well
worthy of onr individual imitation.'
The natives called the Klemzig. loca
lity Warkowodli wodli.
—Originally Spelt Kanguroo Island.—
On February 22, 1802, Flinders went
ashore from the Investigator, and found
a number of dark brown kangaroos
feeding beside a wood. He wrote:—
'It would be difficult to guess how
many kanguroos were seen, but I
killed ten; the rest of the party made
up the number to 31 taken on board
in the course of the day, the least of
them weighing 69 and the largest 125
lb. . . . I scrambled with difficulty
through the brushwood and over fallen
trees to reach the higher land with
the surveying instruments, but, the
thickness and height of the wood pre
vented anything else from being dis
tinguished. There is little doubt how
ever, that this extensive piece of land
was separated from the continent for
the extraordinary tameness of the
kanguroos, and the presence of seals
upon the shore, concurred with the ab
sence of all traces of men to show that
it was not inhabited. . . . The
whole ship's company was employed
this afternoon in skinning and clean-
ing the kanguroos, and a delightful
regale they afforded after four months'
privation from almost any fresh provi
sions. Half a hundredweight of heads,
forequarters, and tails were stewed
down into soup for dinner on this and
the succeeding days, and as much
steaks given, moreover, to both offi
cers and men as they could consume by
day and by night In gratitude for so
seasonable a supply I named the south
ern land Kanguroo Island.' Flinders's
spelling of the word has since been
altered by a single vowel, and the
native name , is Karta, while Baudin
bestowed L'isle Decres.
—Early Settlement—
Kingscote, the first settlement on
Kangaroo island, hands down the
name of Henry Kingscote, a member
of the first board of directors of the
South Australian Land Company, and
first Chairman of Directors of the
South Australian Banking Company,
which established the Bank of South
Australia. Kingscote was originally
called Angas, after the founder of the
province. The circumstances of the
change were explained in the opening
chapter of the present series. Kings
cote was bestowed on instructions
from England , by Samuel Stephens,
colonial manager of the South Austra
lian Company, and the first of its
settlers to land on Kangaroo Island.
—A Household Name.—
Kingston. Lacepede Bay, was chris
tended by Governor MacDonnell after
Sir George Strickland Kingston, father
of the late Right Hon. C. C. Kingston.
The Port Elliot correspondent of The
Register, wrote on February 22, 1858:—
'An enterprising old colonist Mr. A.
Cooke, of Wellington, has started for
Lacepede Bay, with a number of
mechanics, labourers, &c., and all the
requisite stores for commencing a new
township on his property at Maria
Creek, to be called Kingston. This
spot well known to early colonists as
the scene of the most barbarous
slaughter of Whites by aborigines that
has ever been known in the colony, is
now about to smile with waving corn,
and become a home for industrious
settlers.' Kingston terrace, North
Adelaide, had a similar derivation.
—A Gawler Pioneer.—
vernment, Mr. King arrived in Janu
ary, 1839, in the Orieana with his wife
and two children, one of whom is the
widow of the late Mr. G. A. Wilson,
Registrar of Probate and Chief Clerk
of the Supreme Court. Mr. King and
family camped in a tent on the north
park lands while awaiting the com
pletion of the Gawler special survey
applied for by Messrs. Stephen King,
John Reid, Dundas Murray, and
Thomas Stubbs. The late Mr. J. H.
Angas held Kingsford for many years
as the home of his Hereford stud.
— Kalyra.—
Kalyra was the native name of Mr.
James Brown's station in the south
east, also known as Avenue Range. It
means a certain kind of wood grow
ing in the locality from which the
blacks made spears and other wea
pons. Mrs. James Brown founded the
institution at Belair known as Kalyra
for the treatment of chest complaints.
—Crumbs of Nomenclature. —
Kilkenny is after the city of that
name in Ireland— the birthplace of the
Archbishop of Adelaide, Most Rev. Dr.
O'Reily. We should be glad to hear
from any correspondent who can relate
how the name came to be adopted here.
Kilkerran, on Yorke's Peninsula, in
the County of Fergusson, was named
by Governor Fergusson after his
estate in Ayrshire, Scotland.
Keyneton and Keyne's Hill, perpetu
ate the name of the late Joseph
Keynes, successful pioneer pastora-
list.
Kingsford keeps green the name of
Stephen King, one of the pioneers of
the Gawler district, who acquired the
estate as his part of the Gawler special
survey of 20,000 acres. He built the
first steam flourmill at the Modern
Athens. He was afterwards one of
the officers in the Finniss Administra
tion at Escape Cliffs, Northern Terri
tory, served as Special Magistrate at
Port Augusta, and was 'Inspector of
Timber' for the South Australian Go
vernment.
Kirton Point, where Port Lincoln's
new jetiy is situated, was christened
by Flinders after the parish of Kirton
in Lincolnshire. The blacks distin
guished the place by Punnu Mudla.
The Katherine, 1,770 miles north of
Adelaide, on the transcontinental tele
graph line, was named by Stuart on
July 8, 1862, in honour of the second
daughter of James Chambers.
Kangarilla, south of Clarendon, has
been clipped down from Kangooari
nilla. It is native for 'place where
sheep mother sits down'— 'kanga,' a
ewe with lamb; 'illa,' the place of sit
ting.' It was once the property of Mr.
E J Eyre, the explorer, and was for-
merty known as Eyre's Flat
Kondoparinga, a name best known
in dairying circles, is a native word
meaning 'long, winding water, breed
ing crawfish between steep banks.'
The name was selected by Governor
Robe for a hundred in 1846.
Krichauff, the town on the railway
line to Morgan, bears the name of the
late Hon. F. E. H. W. Krichauff, who
came to South Australia in 1848, and
had a long and honourable Parliamen
tary career.
Kirkby Island, one of the St. Joseph
Banks Group, was named by Flinders
in I802 after a village in Lincolnshire.
Knuckey's Lagoon was called after
Mr. R. R. Knuckey, a member of the
overland telegraph party, who is now
in Western Australia.
Kongorong Hundred has been cut
down from the aboriginal word. Koon
geronoong— 'the corner of it'
Koorine, in the south-east is abori
ginal for 'my daughter.' It should be
Kooerine.
Koomoolop is a native name inade up
by the late Mr. Thomas Warnes, hav
ing no specific meaning as now, pieced
together. .
Koolywurtie appears on the map as
a Government township, a hundred
and a point, also named Black Point.
Mr. R. Higgins, Laura, wrote:— 'The
natives declared that this name should
not have been applied to the nice coun
try which it now represents. It pro
perly belong to a rugged, rocky point
jutting into the sea.'
Kallioota, where the Willochra
empties itself, is native for 'ever-
green' or 'very green.'
Kybybolite is a native name given
to a pastoral lease by Mr. E. Townsend
in about 1849. It became the freehold
property of Mr. Kiddle, from whom
the Government purchased it for use
as an experimental farm. The name
is believed to have reference to a
remarkable 'runaway hole.'
King's Bluff in the north-east bears
the name of Mr. Fielder King, son-in-
law of Mr. Alexander McCulloch, of
Princess Royal Station.
Kenton Valley is after the Kenton
in Devonshire.
Koppio, the subdivided estate, was
named by Governor Daly in 1867. The
word was said by Mrs. Brown to have
been aboriginal for 'oysters.' .
Kulpara, originally the name of a
pastoral lease, is native for 'water, in
head—cocoanut'
Kanmantoo is a native name origin
ally given by Mr. William Giles to a
mining property owned by the South
Australian Company, which was work
ed in conjunction with the Britannia
and Paringa Mining Company from
1846 to 1852, during which period 3,410
tons of fair ore was produced. A sub
sequent lessee (Mr. W. B. Dawes)
raised 1,900 tons.
Kalangadoo is the name given in
1849 to a station owned by Mr. H. T.
Morriss's brother. According to Mr.
D. Stewart, of Rendelsham. who is
well versed in native lore, the word
is evolved from Kelin nurtor (Keli's
pool of water)— a pretty , drastic cor
ruption.
Killanoola is a native name given
by Mr. Henry Seymour, a pioneer pas
toralist of the south-east in 1849, to his
estate. The meaning is black jay's
nest, derived from Kilen oorla. The
hundred takes its name from the sta
tion, and was proclaimed by Governor
MacDonnell in 1861
Kadlunga. the well-known estate of
Sir 'Samuel Way, was confidently
asserted by a correspondent who wrote
to The Register on September 30. 1895,
to mean 'honeysuckle hills.' Kadla
means 'sweet.' and the locality
abounded in honeysuckle when the
blacks held dominion.
Koolunga is a native word probably
referring to the red banks of the River
Broughton, east of Hope's Crossing, as
well as to Redhill. The hundred was
christened in 1869, and the town by
Governor Musgrave in 1875.
Mount Kaiserstuhl was bestowed by
Menge, the mineralogist after a moun
tain in Black Forest Germany. It
means Kaiser's Seat.
Keith is the family name of Lord
Kintore, ex-Governor of, Sooth Aus
tralia.
Kevin hundred bears the name of
the late Mr. C. C. Kingston's adopted
son, who predeceased the statesman.
Kennion hundred is named after the
second Bishop of Adelaide.
—Missing Meanings.—
Kersbrook, Kopperamannna.
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