Voluntary Aid Detachments (VAD). (1914-)

Function
Community organisation
NLA Persistent Identifier
http://nla.gov.au/nla.party-752066

Biographies

Voluntary Aid Detachments were established during World War I by members of the Australian Red Cross and the Order of St John. Members received instruction in first aid and home nursing from the St John Ambulance Association. Initially they worked without pay in hospitals and convalescent homes alongside doctors and nurses. After the war the voluntary service continued. Recruits were drawn from the local area by invitation from a serving member. During the World War II Voluntary Aid Detachment members were given more medical training, but they were not fully qualified nurses. Voluntary Aides worked in convalescent hospitals, on hospital ships and in the blood bank, as well as on the home front. In New South Wales Voluntary Aid Detachments are now part of the Voluntary Aid Service Corps (VASC). To become a member of the Corps, volunteers must hold a current Senior First Aid Certificate. Members provide free first aid at major sporting and cultural events as well as assistance in times of disaster.

The Australian Red Cross began organising Voluntary Aid Detachments (VADs) nation-wide as part of Lady Helen Munro Ferguson's appeal "to the women of Australia" at the onset of World War I. They soon came to be largely comprised of women. Their scheme followed the policy of the British War Office, and the British Red Cross Society, of which Australia was developing a branch. A number of women had also enrolled in a Voluntary Aid Detachment in 1914 as part of the formation of the New South Wales branch of the British Red Cross Society. By August 1915, the Australian branch of the British Red Cross reported that Victoria and Tasmania also had Voluntary Aid Detachments. In addition Special Voluntary Aid Detachment Committees had been formed in each State Division, and a Committee of the Central Council had been formed. Recognised by the Military, the Voluntary Aid Detachments were at their peak in World War I and World War II, providing first aid, nursing assistance, comforts, domestic assistance and other supports for returned and wounded soldiers. In between the two World Wars, they continued their care for ex-soldiers and their families, raised funds, and moved into civil hospitals, homes and health associations. In 1928, they became a technical reserve of the Army Medical Corps, administered under the Minister of Defence through a Joint Central Council. After World War II, they extended their civilian service, which included the assistance of new immigrants. In January 1948, direct control of the Voluntary Aid Detachments was returned to the Australian Red Cross and St John Ambulance Society. Yet many Voluntary Aid Detachments folded as time went on, States withdrew from this area, and staff worked in a range of other Australian Red Cross services. In New South Wales, however, the Voluntary Aid Detachments were renamed and revamped as the Voluntary Aid Service Corps in 1967, where they still remain active.

  • 1916 - 1918 Australian Government recognised the Voluntary Aid Detachments as auxiliaries to the Medical Service, and Voluntary Aids began working in military hospitals in Australia
  • 1918 - 1939 After the war the voluntary service continued in hospitals throughout Australia, drawing recruits from local areas by invitation from a serving member
  • 1928 - 1948 Voluntary Aid Detachments became a technical reserve of the Army Medical Corps, administered under the Minister of Defence through a Joint Central Council
  • 1939 - 1940 Due to labour shortages Voluntary Aids once again began working in the military hospital system
  • January 1940 Voluntary Aids began receiving payment for their duties
  • 1941 The role of Voluntary Aid Detachments expanded and they are now employed in a wide range of positions, including as clerks, ambulance drivers, seamstresses, storekeepers, radiographers, dental orderlies and laundry staff
  • June 1941 Approval granted for Voluntary Aids to serve overseas
  • October 1941 During World War II Voluntary Aid Detachment members serve in Cairo, Gaza and Ceylon as well as on hospital ships
  • October 1941 200 Voluntary Aids embark for the Middle East.
  • March 1942 The Military Board approved the call-up of Voluntary Aids, and the Voluntary Aid Detachment began to be administered as a service within the Army Medical Service
  • December 1942 The Australian Army Medical Women's Service established to distinguish between full-time military Voluntary Aids and those attached on a voluntary basis to the aid organisations
  • January 1948 Direct control of the Voluntary Aid Detchments was returned to the Australian Red Cross and St John Ambulance Society
  • 1967 Voluntary Aid Detachments were renamed and revamped as the Voluntary Aid Service Corps

View the full record at Australian Women's Register

Related people and organisations

Resources for Voluntary Aid Detachments (VAD).

Selected resources (39)

Australian Women's Register

  1. The Red Cross, 1914-1975 : years of change
    Minogue, Noreen
    [1976]
    Published: [Royal Historical Society of Victoria]
  2. Voluntary Aid Detachments
    Australian War Memorial
    Series: http://www.awm.gov.au/encyclopedia/vad.htm
  3. VAD's in peace and war : the history of Voluntary Aid Detachments in Australia during the 20th century
    Goodman, R D
    [1991]
    Published: Boolarong
  4. Red Cross VAs: A history of the VAD movement in New South Wales
    Oppenheimer, Melanie
    [1999]
    Published: Ohio Productions
  5. 50 years service to humanity
    Australian Red Cross Society
    [[1964]]
    Published: Australian Red Cross Society
  6. Unsung heroes : Australia's military medical personnel1918 Australians in France Australian War Memorial : Unsung heroes : Australia's military medical personnel
    Australian War Memorial
    Series: http://www.awm.gov.au/1918/medical/
  7. Nightingales in the mud : the digger sisters of the Great War 1914 - 1918
    Barker, Marianne
    [1989]
    Published: Allen & Unwin
  8. Just wanted to be there : Australian Service Nurses 1899-1999
    Reid, Richard
    [1999]
    Published: Commonwealth Department of Veterans' Affairs
  9. 'The Best P.M. for the Empire'? Lady Helen Munro Ferguson and the Australian Red Cross Society, 1914-1920Australian Historical Studies 119 April 108-124 : 'The Best P.M. for the Empire'? Lady Helen Munro Ferguson and the Australian Red Cross Society, 1914-1920
    Oppenheimer, Melanie
    [2002]
  10. From blue to khaki: The enlisted voluntary aids and others who became members of the Australian Army Medical Women's Service and served from 19421-1951
    Mount-Batten, Betty J
    [1995]
    Published: Betty J Mount-Batten
  11. Look what you started Henry! A history of the Australian Red Cross 1914-1991.
    Stubbings, Leon
    [1992]
    Published: Australian Red Cross Society
  12. Australian women at war
    Adam-Smith, Patsy
    [1984]
    Published: Nelson
  13. Australian War Memorial Research Centre: [Voluntary Organizations and Women's Services:] Voluntary Aid Detachments (1915 - 1926)
    AWM27
  14. National Archives of Australia, Sydney Office: Registration of Red Cross Voluntary Aid Detachments [VADs] (1953 - 1957)
    ST3184/1
  15. National Archives of Australia, National Office: Scheme for the Organisation of Voluntary Aid in Australia; Also Handbook for Voluntary Aid Detachments in Australia (1926)
    A1194/1
  16. National Archives of Australia, Sydney Office: Change of name of voluntary aid detachment [feminist club Wakehurst VAD] (1952)
    ST3184/1
  17. Australian War Memorial Research Centre: Medical kit : Voluntary Aid Detachment
    Compressed fibre; Small, brown, compressed fibre suitcase with steel clips and carry handle. The inside lid of the case has a typed sheet glued to it outlining the 'simple requirements' contained within. The case interior has been partitioned into sections using wooden slats. The medical case contains the following supplies. One bottle of Acriflavine lotion; one box each of BEX and VINCENTS powders; one tube of zinc cream; one tube of TANNAFAX tannic acid jelly; thirty four assorted steel safety pins; a white calico medical tool roll containing four sets of tweezers, two pairs of scissors and a mercury thermometer stored in a chromed brass tube; a small sealed packet of oiled silk; an assorted bag of eleven rolled, open weave bandages; bag of two Boric lint antiseptic dressings; one small bottle of Epsom Salts; one medicine glass; one tin of 'Caress' talcum powder; one blue and gold Clayton brand first aid tin containing a small bottle of MELANYL ink, a small tin of Potassium Permanganate, a small glass jar of Boracic ointment, a small glass jar of solidified iodine; a small tin of Boric ointment and a small cork bottle stopper; a bag containing four types of cotton wool; one hand towel and face washer; six assorted sized cotton slings; two cotton calico bags marked 'Dressings wool and Gauze'; one cotton calico bag marked 'Dressings'; one cotton calico bag marked 'Dressing towels'; one cotton calico bag marked 'Sundries'; one bag containing two reels of white cotton thread, a packet of steel needles, two loose steel needles and a roll of white cotton tape; one bag containing some cast off celophane wrappers and a blue and white paper label; one bag containing a newspaper clipping, titled 'Medicine Chest to meet emergencies'. The clipping lists how a well stocked medicine chest is made up.
    REL31069
  18. Australian War Memorial Research Centre: The leaders of the Australian Red Cross Voluntary Aid Detachment (VAD) (28 September 1942)
    Melbourne, Vic. 1942-09-28. The leaders of the Australian Red Cross Voluntary Aid Detachment (VAD) VF500148 Major A. R. Appleford (nee Ross-King) RRC MM; Assistant Controller Australian Army Medical Womens Service (AAMWS) and Captain D. Townsend; Lieutenant M. Williamson give "eyes right" as they pass the saluting base during the servicewomen's march through the city streets.
    136909
  19. Australian War Memorial Research Centre: Group portrait of members of the first VAD (Voluntary Aid Detachment) contingent to travel overseas. (November 1941)
    Sydney, NSW. November 1941. Group portrait of members of the first VAD (Voluntary Aid Detachment) contingent to travel overseas. The women are assembled on the boat deck of the Queen Mary, the troopship which carried them over to the Middle East. Two lifeboats are at rear on the edge of the deck. Known to be in this group are: Edna Bland, Joan Bryce, Yvonne Levy (Victorian Camp Commandant), Marjorie Brown (South Australian Camp Commandant), Marjorie Davis, Bertha Meggs, Lesley Long, Rae Batt, Molly Johns, Molly Oliver, Beryl Follows, Nan Liston, Ann Scots Girving, Elsie Paton, Gladys Battye, Molly Hales, Sheila Lennox-Biggar, NX76505 Alice Burns, Alwyn Smith, Edna Helliwell, Marie Robinson, Joan Petts, Joan Whittington, Dr Piper, Joan Shelaugh, Amber Bushell. (Donor A. Penman)
    P02480.001
  20. National Archives of Australia, Melbourne Office: Voluntary Aid Detachments (1935 - 1936)
    This series was the main correspondence series for ArmyHeadquarters and includes correspondence relating to matters withinthe jurisdiction of the Military Board of Administration. It coversareas such as administration, organisation, staffing, training,ordnance, stores and transport.Files were raised in accordance with a multiple number system bywhich primary and secondary numbers were allocated to primary andsecondary subjects, after the primary subjects had been placed inalphabetical order. The third number was allocatedconsecutively within the primary/secondary numbers. Papers wereattached to other related papers for action, and these attachmentswere recorded in the registration booklets (B1536). Sometimes theseattachments were only temporary and papers were detached and placedwith other papers or were used to provide the base papers of anotherfile.File covers were used infrequently, as the system of fileconstruction made file titling impossible. Sometimes papers wereplaced in Department of Army covers and the broad subject area wasindicated. Military Branch covers can also still be found on somefiles. These indicate that the papers were formally placed before theMilitary Board at one of its meetings. Many items have been placed inmanila folders since their transfer to Archives.This series was culled during the early 1950's by the department.
    B1535
  21. Australian War Memorial Research Centre: [Voluntary Organizations and Women's Services:] Correspondence concerning design of Voluntary Aid Detachment certificates and use of the Red Cross symbol (1931 - 1934)
    AWM27
  22. Australian War Memorial Research Centre: [Voluntary Organizations - Voluntary Aid Detachments (VAD):] Memoranda, Summaries and handbooks concerning the enrolment and training of women for national emergency (1935 - 1944)
    AWM54
  23. National Archives of Australia, Melbourne Office: Voluntary Aid Detachments (1914 - 1917)
    B539
  24. Australian War Memorial Research Centre: Ladies of Voluntary Aid Detachments (c. 1915)
    Ladies of Voluntary Aid Detachments marching past Lady Helen Munro Ferguson, wife of the Governor General, in front of Government House. Sydney, NSW. c. 1915. (Donor Sydney Mail)
    H11580
  25. National Archives of Australia, National Office: Subsidies - Australian Red Cross Society. Voluntary aid detachments. (1929)
    A1928/1
  26. National Archives of Australia, Melbourne Office: Voluntary Aid Detachments [Grants] (1926 - 1931)
    B1535
  27. National Archives of Australia, Melbourne Office: Voluntary Aid Detachments - Registration (1949 - 1957)
    MP927/1
  28. National Archives of Australia, Melbourne Office: Joint State Council VAD [Voluntary Aid Detachments] (1940 - 1945)
    MP150/1/0
  29. National Archives of Australia, Melbourne Office: Change of title from VAD [Voluntary Aid Detachment] to AAMWS [Australian Army Medical Women's Service] (1942)
    MP508/1
  30. National Archives of Australia, Melbourne Office: [Uniforms for VAD [Voluntary Aid Detachment] and AWLA [Australian Women's Land Army] (1942)
    MP1/1
  31. National Archives of Australia, Melbourne Office: Army Medical & Dental Corps. Nurses and Specialists [Applications for a Commission in the A.A.M.C. Voluntary Aid Detachments (V.A.D.)] - A R Appleford (September 1942)
    MP508/1
  32. Australian War Memorial Research Centre: Lila Stocks Voluntary Aid Detachment and Private Australian Army Medical Women's Service
    Lila Stocks (born McKenzie), Voluntary Aid Detachment and Private Australian Army Medical Women's Service, interviewed by Angie Michaelis for the Keith Murdoch Sound Archive of Australia in the War of 1939-45. Discussing joining VAD; training at Ingleburn Camp; posting to 114 Australian General Hospital; posting to 2/5th Australian General Hospital; New Guinea; nursing POWs; contact with American servicemen; uniforms; nursing duties; hospital conditions; social life.
    S00552
  33. Australian War Memorial Research Centre: Jill Linton Private Australian Army Medical Women's Service
    Jill Linton (born Oliver), Private Australian Army Medical Women's Service, interviewed by Angie Michaelis for the Keith Murdoch Sound Archives of Australia in the War of 1939-45. Discussing joining the Voluntary Aid Detachment; training; assignment to the 2/5th Australian General Hospital; change to AAMWS; nursing in New Guinea; contact with American servicemen in Papua New Guinea; nursing POWs; uniforms; working conditions; use of drugs for skin diseases; leisure.
    S00553
  34. Australian War Memorial Research Centre: Interview with Patsy Adam-Smith. (When the war came to Australia) (24 June 1991)
    Mrs Adam-Smith became a Voluntary Aide working in hospitals in North Queensland for three years. The nursing consisted mostly of innoculations, malaria and worms were rife. Casualities were from New Guinea. Mrs Adam-Smith discusses contraceptives and their availability. Clare Stephenson is mentioned- she founded the Women's Australian Airforce Corp. She discusses the problems encountered by girls who became pregnant. VD clinic lectures are mentioned as a total waste of time-incomprehensible in their presentation. Relations with the American servicemen are mentioned. Attitudes to women in the war- both civilian and servicewomen are discussed- servicewomen were well thought of. Mrs Adam- Smith comments on women having to give up work at the end of the war. There was no organisation for civilian women, like the ex-service women for after the war. Women's war effort hasn't been recognised. Identity cards for movement and rations are mentioned. She remarks that since General Macarthur was running the war here, this put Prime Minister John Curtin and General Blamey into difficult positions. Mrs Adam-Smith lists prominent women in the services- Clare Stephenson in the RAAF, Sybil Irving in the Army.
    F04158
  35. National Archives of Australia, Melbourne Office: Army Medical & Dental Corps. Nurses and Specialists [Applications for a Commission in the A.A.M.C. Voluntary Aid Detachments (V.A.D.)] - J L Christie (September 1942)
    MP508/1
  36. National Archives of Australia, Melbourne Office: Army Medical & Dental Corps. Nurses and Specialists [Applications for a Commission in the A.A.M.C. Voluntary Aid Detachments (V.A.D.)] - J M Snelling (October 1942)
    MP508/1
  37. John Oxley Library, Manuscripts and Business Records Collection, State Library of Queensland: Women in War –personal reminiscences
    This is a collection of records collected for the Queensland Women in War Exhibition in 1995, as part of the general 'Australia Remembers' project. It consists of transcripts of women's stories about their experiences of World War II, in photocopies and typescripts. Envelopes hold stories posted by women in four different Queensland regions: Ipswich, Mackay, Townsville and Brisbane. The collection also contains a photocopy of an unpublished history of Voluntary Aid Detachments in Queensland. The John Oxley Library is in temporary accommodation until 2006. Most material is kept off-site. Researchers wishing to use the manuscript collection should contact the research librarian prior to visiting the library to confirm the availability of the material.
    T1772, OMR 06, Box 9531
  38. National Archives of Australia, Melbourne Office: Services Personnel - Basis of issues (Including Australian Women's Land Army, Red Cross, VAD'S [Voluntary Aid Detachments], and St John's Ambulance Brigade) (1942 - 1948)
    B5641/1
  39. Australian War Memorial Research Centre: The services on parade in Melbourne and Sydney (News From Home. No. 65) (8 December 1943)
    VAD's march in Sydney before Lady Wakehurst. The 17th Brigade AIF is welcomed home from the Middle East in Melbourne.
    F00758

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