Biddlecombe, Janet (1866-1954)

Field of activity
Pastoralist and Philanthropist; benefactor; cattle breeder; grazier (cattle); grazier (sheep)
NLA Persistent Identifier
http://nla.gov.au/nla.party-747099

Biographies

BIDDLECOMBE, JANET (1866-1954), pastoralist and philanthropist, was born on 24 April 1866 in Melbourne, seventh daughter and youngest of eight children of George Russell, pastoralist, and his wife Euphemia Carstairs (d.1867), both Scottish born. She was educated privately by Mrs Pfund, a schoolmistress at St Kilda. Motherless from infancy, Janet was a close companion to her father and, as his last unmarried daughter remaining at Golf Hill, Shelford, Victoria, developed an interest in the property. After her father's death in 1888, she grew concerned at her brother Philip's (d.1898) inadequate management of Golf Hill. With his agreement, she assumed control of the encumbered estate and for several years struggled to restore its former prosperity.

View the full record at Australian Dictionary of Biography Online

Janet Biddlecombe ran her father's estate at Golf Hill, Victoria, from his death in 1888 to her own in 1954. She pioneered the breeding of Herefords in Australia. As a pastoralist Janet was remarkably successful, and proceeds from her Hereford Stud went to any number of charitable causes - usually as anonymous donations.

Born in Melbourne, Janet was the youngest of eight children of Scottish-born George Russell (pastoralist) and Euphemia Carstairs. Having lost her mother in infancy, Janet became a close companion of her father and lived with him at Golf Hill until his death in 1888. She took a keen interest in the estate and, dissatisfied with her brother Philip’s management of it, obtained his consent to oversee Golf Hill herself and restored the property to its former prosperity within a few years.

Janet married English-born naval officer John Biddlecombe in July 1900. The pair had no children. Following his retirement from the Commonwealth Naval Forces, John took over management of Golf Hill with his wife. By 1906 they had registered their Hereford stud, buying pedigree cows and bulls descended from females of elite Hereford families in the United Kingdom. When Charles Reynolds sold his Tocal Stud in 1926, Janet instructed her buyer, Mr A.J. Tanner, to purchase the ‘pick of the catalogue’.

Janet continued to run the stud successfully after John’s death in 1929, despite a manpower shortage during the Second World War forcing her to sell half of her cattle. Tirelessly she organised exhibitions and sales, bringing home a myriad of awards. In 1947 her cattle won every group prize in the Hereford section at the Sydney Royal Show. In 1950 she sold her ‘surplus females’ - eleven heifers and thirteen cows - at the Royal Melbourne Show, fetching up to £1,000 for each. A further sale in 1953 saw her world-famous cattle bring in proceeds of £125,000, all of which reportedly went to charity.

Indeed, Janet had long maintained a tradition of anonymous philanthropy, begun before her husband’s death. Significant amounts of money went to building projects at the Geelong Church of England Grammar School (now standing at 50 Biddlecombe Avenue, Corio), as well as to the Shelford Presbyterian Church; the Australian Red Cross Society (Geelong branch); and the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia. On her death at Golf Hill in 1954, Janet bequeathed her £554,585 estate to a number of charitable organisations including the Bethany Babies’ Home (Geelong), the Victorian Association of Braille Writers, and the Victorian Society for Crippled Children.

Devoted to the stud until the end, Janet kept photographs of her prize cattle and detailed notes of their pedigrees. In 1953, the year before her death, she produced The History of Golf Hill Herefords, dedicated: ‘To the Hereford Breed in Australia’ (National Library of Australia).

View the full record at Australian Women's Register

Related people and organisations

Resources for Janet Biddlecombe

Selected resources (5)

Australian Dictionary of Biography Online

Australian Women's Register

  1. The History of Golf Hill Herefords
    Biddlecombe, Janet
    [1953]
    Published: Rodney H. Evans Advertising
  2. In Her Gift: Activism and Altruism in Australian Women's Philanthropy, 1880-2005
    Lemon, Barbara
    [2008]
    Published: School of Historical Studies, University of Melbourne
  3. Biddlecombe, Janet (1866-1954)Australian Dictionary of Biography Online 13 : Biddlecombe, Janet (1866-1954)
    Langmore, Diane
    [2006]
    Published: Australian National University
    Series: http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A130211b.htm
  4. In Her Gift: Women Philanthropists in Australian History
    Australian Women's Archives Project
    [2009]
    Published: Australian Women's Archives Project
    Series: http://www.womenaustralia.info/exhib/wiph/home.html

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