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TUESDAY, DECEMBER 15, 1874. j
THE allusions made to the question of Free Trade and Protection in connection with ou colonial manufactures at the little entertain. ment given at the Liverpool Paper Worki on Friday last, on occasion of the visit thor« of the Ex-King of Fur, were by no nuam malapropos, for the history of that particu. lar manufactory illustrates precisely the eames of failure and the causes of success willi respect to several of our manufacturing operations. "We have on many occasioaj pointed out that what we want in order to secure success is not capital, not labour, not the spirit of enterprise, but the art of knowing hog to do it. The one element of success in whici we are most deficient is in the skill necessary to
turn our other resources to the best account
The paper manufactory started with plenty c1 capital, and was presided over by gonti8mM who, in other departments cf business, hil shown their competency and achieved succeta, because they knew how to do it. But thej were all sttangers to the manufactim of paper, and they had to depend on the knot, ledge or the pretended knowledge of othcii. As is usual in such cases tbey were led on bj delusive hopes till delusion was no longer pai- sible. The property passed into other hand», and success still seemed as far oil a» eve;, Things remained in this state till Mr. WOOD« resolved that let who would remain ignorant lit
resoivea that ist wno would remain ignorant ht would try to master the whole concern for himself, and know all about it. Accerdinglj, neglecting his own proper business-, hi took off his coat and went to work, He made himself master of the entire mystery of the process, cleared out the incom- pétent and indolent hands, tried one plan aft« another, attended to small economies, stoppet! all waste, got a shilling'« worth of result for every shilling that was spent, experimente«' judiciously with some new processes, and flail!; succeeded in finding out how ta do it. It ni stated at the meeting that the industry had so» turned the corner, that there was a fair net profit on the business, and that an article »u produced which, without the assistance of »r>f protection whatsoever, was even superior ¡i quality to what could be imported at the et« price.
Now would protection have brought »boil the same result in the same timo ? To what« success owing ? Obviously not to a bountr, but to difficulties ; not to assistance, but ti pressure. The whole affair is one more illut tration of tho truth, that the bost way to he!; a man is to make bim help himself. People who disparage competition, and who are alwiji calling out for help, do not sufficiently considei the elastic resources in human nature, and hoir much man can do when called upon, and pit
to the stress. The resources men have ii themselves are practically indefinite. The ex- ternal conditionsaround {hera, cannot very »eil alter. In the presence of these they are pretty well helpless, but when they look within they' are not helpless. . Tlicro is in a strong will, steady determination, and indomitable industry, and in an intelligent studiousneBS, a pott« which, like that of faith, removes mountain!, dissolves difficulties, and transmutes the appi rently impossible into something so em; that everybody wonders that it was not done
before.
In proving that good paper» can bo made in iho colony at a profit now without protection, Mr. WOODS has also, at the samo time, shorn that it might have been done at any time dunn,' the last ten years. No new laws of nata« have been discovered no wonderful invention» bave been made, no distinctively new process.'! hare been adopted. A colonial matariri that grows in the neighbourhood has be» turned to account. The preliminary difficult«! connected with bringing it into proper condition have been conquered, and a supplement to nn has been thereby furnished. That, with gene«! good management, seems to have been tit simple solution of the whole difficulty.
We cannot help contrasting the success to» has been achieved in the manufacture of pjpf with the failure hitherto in another great »
dustry-namely, that of turning our iron owl» account. It is impossible to look bf« over the long list of disappointment! connected with this industry without feel'"1
that the capital wasted might have been »ned, and the disappointments might have beet averted, if we had only known how to tarn I» account the advantages the colony picsenii There is no industry possible and awaiting * development which we l»ok upon as no» interesting and as more urgent than thtUe smelting our iron oree. The colony i» «chu
ores and rich in coal, and tuffi is a local market enough to keep »« than one eatablishment in full w>" The advantage would be immense f respect to our railway progress, if wo con) make our rails instead of having to nu?« them all, the delay and the cost of freight hen a serious drawback. But greatly as the col« stands in need of the development of » particular industry we find it impoafiio» ' acquiesce in the views of those * represent that the one thing w»»1 is something in the shape of protect« 'or "bounty. This kind of assistance woui in all probability, do more harm tw good. The whole colony would bo ti» by it, while those for whose sp«1 benefit it was intended, would be induced
lean upon it rather than to lean upon tiwi selves. They would be tempted to dupM
I
-With that unremitting exertion, with that close " . attention, ' with that intense study, and with j that complete mastery, which are really the ' -éBsentials of success. ~"
What we really want is the requisite skill ' inch a thorough knowledge of all that is ,- essential to the process as will prevent waste,
and as will see at a glance how all local ¡ »dvantages are to be turned to the utmost . »ccount. We want the organising mind ferti [ Used by the instinct which grows out of
practical experience, and without this protec
r »ion would be of little avail.
' Free trade while it benefits the consumers,
'" while it injures no one, has the good effect of
§ utting all producers on their mettle, and
enefits those whom it thus forces to develop their own capabilities. This was well l illustrated in England when the corn laws were
, repeated. There were at that time the most - -doleful anticipations that landlords would be ' impovciished by the diminution of their J Tentais, that farmers would be ruined, and that - land would go out of cultivation from sheer - Inability to compete with the foreign grower.
Exajctfly the opposite happened ; science, skill, . and capital flowed more than ever towards agri tJ «ulturnl pursuits, implements of every kind were ,"¡improved, labour was husbanded, fields were .^drained, clay soils were broken up, good land \ was made more fertile, bad land was made ¿ worth cultivating, neglected areas were enclosed t *nd tilled, and the wheat-production of England * is now greater than it ever wa-. Yet, so far 1 Jrom the maximum of success having been . achieved, it is admitted by the best authorities ,' that the effect of the competition has been to
awaken the cultivators to the consciousness of how little they got out of the soil compared to ; what they might get, and to recognise the fact
that evert now the soil of England only ' produces half the quantity it is capable of ! producing. In presence of tho improved pro- cess nobody asks to go back to the old slovenly etyle of agriculture. Farmers have found out ' kew to do it, and they look back with wonder »and pity upon their uneducated forefathers, 'who ploughed and reaped in such profound "ignorance of the chemistry of nature, and such ? anconsciousness of the mechanical forces-that ; stood ready to aid them as soon as they were
evoked.
- This same phenomenon will be repeated .«gain and again, in the history of industry. All around us there are indefinite possibilities ; no »an con put limits to them, and impossibilities alear away like fogs before the sun-rise. The ridiculous notion of yesterday is the dream of to-day and the reality of to-morrow. This progress is everywhere due, to that -mental toil which now more than . manual .toil is the progressive element of our industry. ' It is this mental toil .that we want increased, and this is not to be done by bribing it into Blackness and indolence, tut by subjecting it to the strain of competition and calling it out by the prospect of reward. - For doing this insensibly, continuously, and
progressively, no better condition of affairs has wet been discovered than fair play and a free field-in other words, than free trade.
. SuntSMB COTJET.-Buiiness This Day.-Term last : Equity appeals. At 10 o'clock : In re Riohardson's Station, and Aot l8 Vic. No. 1, for judgment. Dibbs v.
.own. Motions : Dibbs v. Colonial Sugar Refining Com- pany, Cor leave to appeal ; Hicks v. Kennedy, new trial
motion. Master's Office_At 10.30 a.m. : Graham v. Attorney-General, state of facts and proposal for «alo ; Arabern v. Attorney-General, condition« and particulars of anio. At Ham.: Muston v. Greville, adjourned examina
aloa.
. DisTBior COTJBT.-Tuesday, 15th December. alvan* t. O'Reilly, William* and another v. Gallagher ?sad another ; Shepherd v. Hill, Btherington v. Robin ?on, Joseph v. Pritchard, Bunrum v. Bray.
JÜEOBB FINED.-At the Quarter Sessions yes- terday, Mile» M'Croa, commission agent, and Joseph WEUliam Morkey, bull J or, w*re lined 40s. eaoh for non attendance as jurors,
, SKBVANTS' TRAINING SCHOOL, DARLING - .traBBT.-To-morrow evening, Mr. J. 8. Pacey will, in St. ?John's Schoolroom, Darlinghurst, in aid of the above insti tatton, exhibit an interesting collection of dissolving views ; and during the evening a select ohoir will sing a number of nlecee of part muuo. The chair will be occupied by Mr. JT. H. Dangar.
' THS VUNIYALVT.-Thakombau, of Fiji, having aktimated hi» intention of worshipping in Beurko-street Vealeyan Church on Sunday morning-a*, on the previous fftmday lie had done in York-street church-it was resolved to invite him to a Sunday-school welcome in the afternoon; and in response to an invitation from the Har. James A. Molen, announced in the morning from the various Wes Xn pulpito of .the city and suburbs, from 1600 to 1700
lara and their teacher» atiemblod in the afternoon on the floor of Bourke-street church, every part of whioh was .aloeely packed. Teachers and acholare were present from Prinoo-utreet, York-itreet, Hay-street, Regeat-strcot, <Bebo Road, Mount Lachlan and Paddington, as well ae tho three schools of tho 8urrv Hills Cirouit
sparry Hills, William -itrect, and Cleveland-street. The «selleries were reserved for the accommodation of visitors, and if they had been three times aa capacious a« they are, arould have been filled. Srecisely at 3 o'olook, tho Vuai valu,* attended by the Rev. W. Moore, his English ohap asi» during hi» stay in Sydney, kia Fijian chaplain, and two other attendante entered the church, and were conducted, to their plaoe» on the rostrum, by the Rev. J. A. Nolan, tho ?atperintendont miniiter of the circuit, and Mr. Joseph wearne, the senior circuit steward as wella» superintendent af the Surry Hills Sunday school. On the rostruuvwere also tho Rev». R. Sellors and T. B. Bootes, Mr. Cowlishaw, and the superintendents of the several schools who had leapoadcd to tike invitation. The meeting waa commenced by Psalmody, after which the Vunivalu's Fijian ohaplaia engaged in prayer, the purport of which was conveyed to tho Assembly in English by the Rev. W. Moore. The anitcd school«, under the direetion of Mr. M'CIclland, and atoeompnniod on the organ by Mr. Morley, sang a seleotion of ;hymnr; well, known to every Sunday scholar ; and very abort addresses were delivered by the Revs. R. Sellors and T.' B. Bootes, Messrs. Wearne, Rowe, and Cowlishaw. Tho last-named gentleman asked the scholars to rise en tutete in token of their welcome to King Thakombau-a request which waa instantly complied with. The meaning af this movoment having been explained by Mr. Moore, to the Vunivolu, ko promptly arose to aoknowlodge the aomplimont. Ho thanked the Assembly for their kind reception of him, recommended tho young people to prize and profit by the favourable circumstances in which, as aompared with tho riding generation of his country they aro placed-thanked them, for their r.eal and liberality in iiehalf of missions, by which ho and his people have boen BO greatly benefited-hnd said that, nlthough while he had been in Sydnoy ho had Been many things which filled him with wonder and aston'shment, nothing had afforded him ao ranch pleasure as this great congrégation of Sunday acholare and their teachers and friends. Tho Rev. T. B. Bootes closed this meeting by prayer-first in Fijian and then in English. AH tha visitors dispersed, tho children of the united oohools sang tho hymn " God blest our Sunday
schools," to the tune of tho National Anthom.
DISTRIBUTION QV PBIZES.-Among the pupils attending tho Sjdscy Grammar Scheel, there aro many who ure the sons of country residents, and board in town «itberwith some of the matters of the school, or with prívala families. Yesterday afternoon tho Rev. Caaon Stephen distributed tho "House prizes" to those residing with tho English master, at Cleveland House, Alfred Park. Mr. lucho remarked that he had the greater pleasure in attaidmg these prizes, is he felt that important as ?btMhctual attainments undoubtedly were, yet gontlemanly conduct in the house, and manliness and forbearanoe in tho playground were no email aids in the formation of the character of a gentleman. He felt bound to express his iiatisfaction at the manner in which the boy» had oon dnotcd thomtolves during the post year, and ho though much of the suocess that had rewarded their efforts in the eriokefc field were duo to the exorcise of the qualities he had named. Canon Stephen after an appropriate address, dis- tributed tho prizes, for good conduct, for home étudies, viz., Scripture history, and for the best collection of draw- ings out of school hour«. These prizes consisted of suit ablo books. A handsome bat was presontei te the highest aggiegiito scorer in tho matches played by the Cleveland Houau Cricket Club during th» «eaeon.
THE EASTEBN EXTKNBION AUSTBALASIAN AND CHINA TBLBOIUFJI COMFANV.-Number of paid tele EraniB tiansmitUd through tai» Company'a Cable from Porl Dei win for th« week ending Friday, December 4 : Bent from tho colonie» : South Australia, 9 ; Viotoria, 34; New South Wale», 28; Queensland, 6; New Zea- land, 0-total, 85. Sent to the ooloniei: South Aus , »a, 8 ¡Victoria, 44 ; New South Walea, 25; Queens land 4; New Zealand, 3-total, 84. Total number of
aaessage«, 169.
THE BAND IN THB GAEDBNS.-This afternoon
«be Band of hor Majesty's ship Peart will play in the
«ToUnto Gardens. '
RAILWAY TIMK TABLES.-We call the attention of our reader«, particularly to traveller» by the Suburban, Southern, Woa(ern, and Riohmond line» of railway, to the new timo tables, wbioh come into operation to-day, loth ineiant. The (able« will be found on page 9.
PARRAMATTA RlTBB STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANY.-Wo have rocoivod a letter from a correspondent complaining of the irregularity with wbioh tho «teams» of thi» company porform their trips. Ho «ays that on Saturday last ho, together with some other young gentle- men, went up to Hunter's Hill for tho purpose of playing a cricket match, and upon returning to Sydney in tho evening tboy had to wait at tho wharf at Hunter's Hill from about ten minuto« past 7 until ton minute« put ton wailing for a boat, und oven thon they had to oome on to Sydney by a stoamor which turned book from Hunter's Hill. He alBo observes that there were some fifteen or twenty other portons put to similar inoonvenienco.
A MAD Cow.-On Saturday evening an old man named John M'Gillicuddy was taken to the Inflraiary by Constable Nolan, and admitted. It appears M'Gilli- cuddy, who lives in Stnithors-stree!, Redfern, had boon out shopping, and waa returning homo between 6 and 7 o'olook, and when within £0 yards of his roaidonce ho was struok in the back by a oow, and knoolcod down. On attempting to rise tho cow again carno at him, and horned him ia tho right leg, just under tho knoe, iuflioting a very onBty wound in hie leg. Not satisfied with this, tho animal aimed at hi« oheHt with hor horns, but M'GIt lit-uddy* thio timo laid hold of hor horns, and prn vt-ntcd hor from doing him any more injury. Ho cried out " murder," and a crowd of peoplo soon cime on tho sceno and stopped the cow's attacks on tho unfortunate uinn. Before the animal attacked M'Oilliouddy it end-en. gi icd the life of ii woman by fiercely rushing at her. Tho persons in tho slreot at the time of the occurrence saner oat to M'Gillicuddy to got out of the road, but ho did not hoar tho alarm soon enough.
DEATH. - Constable Hoden, of Ckrist Church Police Station, took a man namoá Robort Korr. to the Infirmary, yesterday morning, about half-past 1 o'olook ' It would appear Kerr, who has been ill for some time past, in a fit of delirium got out of his bed and, wandering towards an embankment on the Parramatta Road, feil down, and received somo slight injury. Ho died about hnlf-pnst 9 o'clock, a few hours affur hi« admission, from orysipelas. His death was not acceloratod by tho fall.
THE TURF.-Owners of horses are reminded that nominations for tho Goulburn City and Southern Handicaps must reaoh the secretary, Mr. II. Payten, at Goulburn . at or bo foro 4 p.m. to-day. Bntries for the Adelaide St. Leger. Cup, and Two-year Old Stakes, also close to-day. Nunoio was soratohod for Tattersall'» Cup at 9 a,m, yesterday.
A RAID ON WINE Snors.-Great excitement prevailed in the Court-house and neighbourhood («ays the Inverell Dispatch) owing to twclvo keepers of wine Bhops (amongst whom wera eoveral females) being summoned for ely grog selling. The hearing of the first of the casos ocoupied tho Court until it broke np on Friday afternoon, the others were adjourned over until Saturday. Mr. Hind- marsh conducted the prosecution. Tho case was dearly proved against defendant, who was fined £30 and 42 2s. legal expenses.
DROWNED HORSES.-The Wagga Advertiser re- ports that the bodies of no less than twenty-seven horses vero found lying on the river bank, olose to the polios paddock, in tho beginning of this week. It ia supposed that tbuae formed a portion of a largo mob which oronad about a fortnight ago, and that they, having travelled a long way without water, rushed into the river wildly and wore
dimmed in (ho crush.
CARD SHARPING.-The Neto Zealand Times tolls the following tale of oard «harping in "Wollington: Tlio story goes that two or three "illustrions étrangers" havo lately come to town, probably attracted by the near approach of tho races at the Hutt and the Wairarapa. 'I hey have a passion, on the course, and any other con- venient place for the threo-onrd triok, and a partiality for poker, to while away the time of an evening. Two or three of them have been lodging in an hotel in town, the landlord of which discourage« gambling, and keeps no cat de in his house. Ono night lately, however, they ob- tained a pack, and induoed the billiard-marker-when all tho other inmates were aBleep-to iadulgo in a cheerful game. Tbo marker was not loth, and pokor bogan. After . time, luck probably setting in against him, the pigeon noticed that one of the card« waa marked and called atten- tion to it. The trio in whose hands ho was, expressed ?;rcat astonishment, turned up the card, and though
t proved to be the ace of epades, they proposed to destroy it, and tore up it accordingly was. The game went on, and the «takes were increased. By-ond-bye the pigeon obtained a hand whioh held four kings, and as it could not be beaten with a pack whioh now bad only three aces, ho piled the money on pretty stiff. His opponents were not less ready than ho wa«, and covered the stakes as fast as ha increased them. He showed his bund with a chuckle, but what was his astonishment to find that tho " Heathen Chinee " bart found another aco to (uko the place of the last ona, for, lo ! there were the four aces, which of courao won. But (he card-men had been clumsy, or precipitate. The murker remembered the fate
of the first ace of spade« ; a swindle waa olear. But ho did ; not "go for the heathen Chineo," he threatened to go for a policeman instead. An attempt was afterwards made to compromise the matter, and we believe it was sucoeBsful ; but the police were dlesatisfied, and took aotion on their
own account. Two of the throo havo been summoned.
THE NEW ZEALAND INSURANCE COMPANY. To-day tho New Zealand Insurance Company oommenoo« business with its increased capital of £1,000,000, of which £'¿(-fl,0G0 i» paid np. while there is a re-insurance fund of £40,100 provided for. The extraordinary success of this company has been so frequently » subject of remark that there is'littlo need to sing its praises in a repetition of fiuurcs, or to record in tabulated column« the rapid strides it ImR made year by year since 1859. The establishment of now office;« in the colony has in no degree lessened it« business«, as was proved by tho lnat half-yoarly balance Bhe-et, in which it WSB shown that, notwithstanding the increased competition, the premiums for the half-year end- ing 31st of May last amounted to £63,216, or an increase of £18,700 upon the preceding half-year, and an increase of £11,406 upon tho} corresponding half-year of 1873. Tho ra | id progress of (ho company sinoa its establishment four« teen years «ince, when in 18.50 ita premiums only amounted to £fl390, to KB present standing, when its premium receipts vveie, as per last half-yearly statement, £107,643, is matter of history in commercial circles. It is not, therefore, sur- prising that publio confidenco should bo sofullyestablishod, ti»,t tho additional shares have been so readily taken up, notwithstanding the aspersion« attompted to be cast upon the, legitimacy of (he proposal to inoreasa tho company'« capital by tho issue of new eharoB. We have already pointed out what we believe to be the occasion of the suo CFFR of the New Zealand Insurance Company, and this we repeat It is duo to the fact that the local Board of diroctors havo a large interest in the ooncem, and are therefore naturally anxious (hat the affair« they havo essayed to conduct shall be cailied out in a successful manner, and therefore it is that tin- preper conduct of the institution receive« a large amount of care and attention at their hand«. Added to thi», a« we have already shown, their business has monta by month been progressing, is now spread over a wide area, and the Igreat progress of the colony has also contributed largely «o «he progress of the company. Wo need sowooly «til our readers that we have ever boon tho steadfast advo- cates of the support of local efforts to meet local demand« when tho business can bo done as advantageously as other wire. It is, therefore, extremely satisfactory, that we have the opportunity of pointing to the success of this and like local institutions, whioh «apply acknowledged wants, and ure cat ried on with an energy and business tact equal to any, ami «uperitr to ronny, similar institution« outside the boundaries of the oolony.-New Zealand Herald, Doo. 1.
PICNIC.-On Saturday hist, Messrs. Beaumont and Son«, painter«, and Joshua Beaumont, builder, of thi« city, gave a pionio to their respective employés and a few friends. The party proceeded to Balmoral shortly aftor 1 o'elock, and entered heartily info the games of cricket, quoits, football, &c, till the bell rang for dinner, whioh Was served with Compagnoni'« usual taste. After dinner several toaste were given and appropriately responded to, sue h a* " Our Employers," " Their WÍVBB," "Our Visi- tors," "Tho Queen," when all again joined in outdoor sports, till the hour for return arrived. The party were landed in Sydney about 7 o'olook, having «pent a very
pleasant afternoon.
RIFLE MATCH.-A well-contested rifle match was shot on Saturday last, the 12th instant, between No. G Company and No. 8 Company of the 1st Sydney Battalion ; 11 men on each side, 5 shots at each range, 200, £00, and 600 yard«, which resulted in a viotory for No. C Company by 7 point«. The following are the «cores :
No. 6 COMl-iNT. No. 8 CoarAKT.
Col-rergoant Weat. 49 Sergeant Brownlie.« ." 4f Private Newland. 47 Lieutenant Smith . ii
Corporal Dals . 44 Frirate Clarke. 41
Hack . 41 Smith. 40 Sergeant Law . St) Rigney . 40 Píllate Dickinson. IS Captain Dickson. 40 Sergeant Clough. »7 Private DioSaon.".,. tt
Lieutenant M'Cutobcon.. 36 Lutton. 3« Sergeant Skinner. IS Sergeant Randall. 36 Prlvtte Smith. St CoL-iergeant Rumtty . IS Lowe, . 31 Sergeant Tamer.,. 34
433 ' 42»
CRICKET-I ^IKOABI V. ELEVEN FBOM H.M. BIHPB NOW IN HAMIOUK,-This roatoh wa« played on the Albert Ground, on Thurtday last. " The Navy '' went first <o the wickets, and in aa hour and a half put together the respectable Booro of 132. I Zingari made 131 with the loss of 4 wioket«. Mesar«. Gutteridge and Pearce played admirably for the visitor«, tho former making 60 and the latter 29, of whioh 13 were made ¡by very olean hit«, in one over. Mr. Airey played a capital toning« tor 44 for I Zingari, and Mr. Lathbury made 30 inverygood style. The following are the «core«:- '.
Tua NAVY ELIT».
Marti* (Dido), b Faithfull... o King (Btrrteotta), e Tra
Pearce (Pearl), b Faithfull... » beV. b FtOtMali' ..... 0
Ruddy (Dido), b Faithfull... 0 Daridion (Biantht).b Faith
Gutttrid«* (Dido), e Faith- falU.°7... , 1 TT'".1!' b D,iAtï;.»-...-«0 Goldflnoh(PearÍ).DÍ?áltÍifün 5 nf8ÜnRlíP,í*r1)' ° Dooktr, Hagwell (Barracoota), not
b Faithfull .10 out. 1
O'Callaghan (Dido), o Faith- Sundric» '..... '.. 3
full, b Docker. 0 ._ Elwin (Pearl), b Faithfull... 17 Total.131
I ZINOAUI.
Lathbury, b Goldfinch.30 A. Docker, b Davidson li
Faithfull, st Hartia, b 0*Cal- Toung, not out. 2
laghtn. 6 u, Bundrlet .'.'.'.'..'.. ii Airey, not out.44 ._ Bina, o Davidson, b Ruddy,, II 4 wicket* for .138